Unit Two, Making a difference

contribution
/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]贡献，奉献；捐款；捐助（物）；投稿

He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他为项目的成功做出了非常积极的贡献。

relief
/rɪˈliːf/ n.[ S or U ]（不快过后的）宽慰，宽心，轻松，解脱，缓解

This medicine will give you quick relief.
这种药物会使你迅速缓解。

shortage
/ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n.[ C ]短缺，不足，缺乏，缺少

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失最大。

internal
/ɪnˈtɜːnl/ adj.体内的；内部的；国内的

The country stepped up internal security.
该国加强了国内安保。

effective
/ɪˈfektɪv/ adj.能产生预期结果的；有效的

They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programs.
它们对于我们项目的安全有效运行极为重要。

fund
/fʌnd/ v.[ T ]为…提供资金；资助

The airport is privately funded by a construction group.
该机场由一个私人建筑集团资助。

recycle
/ˌriːˈsaɪk(ə)l/ v.[ T ]再利用，分拣收集（垃圾）用于回收再用

Recycling is important in helping protect the environment.
回收利用对保护环境很重要。

fountain
/ˈfaʊntɪn/ n.[ C ]泉水；（尤指具有装饰效果的）喷泉

It was famous for its ornate fountain and its attractive forum.
它以其华丽的喷泉和吸引人的论坛而闻名。

earn
/ɜːn/ v.[ I or T ]挣（钱）；挣得；赚得

I earn my daily bread by working in a supermarket.
我在超市工作以维持生计。

donate
/dəʊˈneɪt/ v.[ I or T ]捐赠，捐助，捐献

He donated thousands of pounds to charity.
他向慈善机构捐赠了数千英镑。

foundation
/faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C ]基金会 n.[ U ]创建；建立

The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.
这笔钱将交给旧金山艾滋病基金会。

insight
/ˈɪnsaɪt/ n.[ C or U ]洞察力；深刻见解

He was a man of forceful character, with considerable insight and diplomatic skills.
他是一个性格坚定的人，非常有见解，外交手段高明。

perseverance
/ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n.[ U ]毅力，不屈不挠，坚持不懈

He has never stopped trying and showed great perseverance.
他从末停止努力，表现出了极大的毅力。

reality
/riˈælɪti/ n.[ S or U ]现实；实际情况

You are always dreaming. Let us bring you back to reality.
你总是在做梦。让我们把你带回现实吧。

extend
/ɪkˈstend/ v.[ T ]扩大；扩展；使增加长度

The company plans to extend its operations into Europe.
公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲。

mission
/ˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C ]使命，天职

He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.
他认为自己毕生的使命就是保护弱者不受邪恶势力的欺凌。

disease
/dɪˈziːz/ n.[ C or U ]病，疾病

Doctors help people to cure disease.
医生帮助人们治愈疾病。

disability
/ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ n.[ C or U ]残疾，缺陷，残障

The second painting is the work of a disabled artist and it takes her experience of disability as its theme.
第二幅画是一位残疾艺术家的作品，以她的残疾经历为主题。

territory
/ˈterɪt(ə)ri/ n.[ C or U ]领土；领域；领地；活动范围

The government denies that any of its territory is under rebel control.
政府否认有领土被反叛分子所控制。

sensitive
/ˈsensɪtɪv/ adj.神经过敏的；易被冒犯的；敏感的

Don't be so sensitive. I was only joking.
不要那么敏感。 我只是开个玩笑。

generous
/ˈdʒen(ə)rəs/ adj.（尤指超乎一般或期望地）慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的，仁慈的

The old gentleman is very generous to the poor.
这位老绅士对穷人很慷慨。

hesitate
/ˈhezɪteɪt/ v.[ I ]犹豫，踌躇[ chóu chú ]

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
不要犹豫。马上做。

cancer
/ˈkænsə/ n.[ C or U ]癌，癌症

Her mother died of breast cancer.
她的母亲死于乳腺癌。

royal
/ˈrɔɪəl/ adj.国王的；女王的；王室的；皇家的

He wants to visit the royal academy of music.
他想参观皇家音乐学院。

institution
/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C ]社会收容机构（一般尤指医院或监狱）

Larry has been in an institution since he was four.
拉里从4岁起就生活在孤儿院。

assistance
/əˈsɪst(ə)ns/ n.[ U ]帮助；协助；援助；来帮助（某人）

Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
尽管他大声喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。

registration
/ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]登记；注册；挂号

They have campaigned strongly for compulsory registration of dogs.
他们大力开展了狗的强制性登记活动。

confirmation
/ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]（常指书面的）确认，确定

I'm still waiting for the confirmation of test results.
我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。

Nazi
/ˈnɑːt.si/ n.[ C ]纳粹党人，纳粹分子（1933至1945年间统治德国的国家社会党党员）

At the end of the war, she was with American troops when they entered and freed several Nazi death camps.
战争结束时，她与美国军队一起进入并解放了几个纳粹死亡集中营。

Jewish
/ˈdʒuːɪʃ/ adj.犹太人的，犹太教的

He grew up in Argentina in a Jewish family from Eastern Europe.
他在阿根廷的一个东欧犹太家庭长大。

aid
/eɪd/ v.[ T ]帮助；援助

You are asked to aid John in putting up the tent.
你被要求帮助约翰搭帐篷。

temporary
/ˈtemp(ə)rəri/ adj.短暂的；暂时的，临时的

They had to move into temporary accommodation.
他们不得不搬进临时住所。

military
/ˈmɪlɪt(ə)ri/ n.武装部队；军方；军队

The military was called in to deal with the riot.
军队被召来处理骚乱。

achievement
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n.[ C or U ]成就，成绩；功绩

It is hard work, but the sense of achievement is huge.
工作很辛苦，但成就感是巨大的。

knighthood
/ˈnaɪthʊd/ n.[ C or U ]（ 英国的）爵士身份，骑士身份，骑士勋章

He received a knighthood in the new year's honor's list.
他在新年的荣誉榜上获得了骑士勋章。

chief
/tʃiːf/ adj.最高级别的；首席的

He was recently appointed chief economist at the Bank of Scotland.
他最近被任命为苏格兰银行的首席经济学家。

major
/ˈmeɪdʒə/ adj.[ before noun ]较重要的；主要的；重大的

Peace and development are two major issues in the world today.
和平与发展是当前世界的两大课题。

treatment
/ˈtriːtmənt/ n.[ C or U ]治疗，医治；疗法

What is the correct medical treatment for shock?
休克的正确治疗方法是什么？

obtain
/əbˈteɪn/ v.[ T ]得到，获得

To obtain the overall score, add up the totals in each column.
要得出总计得分，就把各栏的小计加起来。

drug
/drʌɡ/ n.[ C ]药，药物，药品

The drug has some bad side effects.
这种药有些严重的副作用。

certificate
/səˈtɪfɪkət/ n.[ C ]证书；证明

The pastor showed the marriage certificate to all of the guests.
牧师向所有来宾出示了结婚证书。

ministry
/ˈmɪnɪstri/ n.[ C ]（政府的）部

Last month, the finance ministry began allowing issuers to sell paper directly to investors.
上个月，财政部开始允许发行公司直接向投资者出售票据。

further
/ˈfɜːðə/ adj.更多的；另外的；附加的；进一步的

For further details, call this number.
欲知详情，请拨打此号码。

make a contribution to
/meɪk ə ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn tu/ 为……做出贡献

American economists have made an important contribution to the field of financial and corporate economics.
美国经济学家在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要贡献。

have trouble doing something
/hæv ˈtrʌbl ˈduːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 做某事有困难

have trouble in doing something
/hæv ˈtrʌbl ɪn ˈduːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 做某事有困难

If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐，回答这些问题就不会有问题。

look across
/lʊk əˈkrɒs/ 眺望

We can also look across the pond to see the white mill.
我们还可以隔着池塘看到白色的磨坊。

earn money
/ɜːn ˈmʌni/ 赚钱

She earns money to support her family.
她挣钱养家。

give up
/ɡɪv ʌp/ 放弃

After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk, he gave up.
在办公桌前毫无结果地（徒劳地）坐了一上午之后，他放弃了。

ask for help
/æsk fɔːr help/ 寻求帮助

Ask for help when you need it.
需要时寻求帮助。

no longer
/nəʊ ˈlɒŋgə/ (also not any longer)不再，再也不

The order was no longer effective.
该命令不再有效。

turn out
/tɜːn aʊt/ 出来，出动；到场

A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession.
一大群人出来观看游行。

make a (big) difference
/meɪk ə ˈdɪfrəns/ （极大地）改善

We can all make a difference to this world.
我们都可以改变这个世界。

break into a smile
/breɪk ˈɪntu ə smaɪl/ 破颜[ pò yán ]；突然露出笑容

The little girl saw her birthday presence and broke into a smile.
小女孩看到她的生日礼物，笑了起来。

set up
/ˈset ʌp/ 建立；创立

The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims.
双方同意成立一个委员会对索赔进行调查。

benefit from
/ˈbenɪfɪt frɒm/ 得益于； 从...得到好处

Both sides have benefited from the decision.
双方都从这一决定中受益。

make one's dream a reality
/meɪk wʌnz driːm ə riˈæləti/ 让梦想成为现实

The girl has made her dream a reality.
这个女孩实现了她的梦想。

take up
/ˈteɪk ʌp/ 开始从事

He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技运动。

make decisions
/meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz/ 作决定

He is really bad at making decisions.
他真的不擅长做决定。

kind of
/kaɪnd əv/ （用于表示不确定）有点儿，有几分，可以这么说

That made me feel kind of stupid.
这让我觉得有点愚蠢。

come across (sb/sth)
/kʌm əˈkrɒs/ 偶然碰见（某人）；偶然发现；碰见；无意中发现（某物）

Perhaps I shall come across him in France.
也许我会在法国遇到他。

transport to safety
/trænˈspɔːt tu ˈseɪfti/ 送往安全之处

The rough roads make it difficult for medical responders to transport babies to safety.
崎岖不平的道路使医疗救援人员难以将婴儿运送到安全地带。

keep records of
/kiːp ˈrek.ɔːdz əv/ 把……记录下来

Keep records of every piece of information you hear.
把你听到的每一条信息都记录下来。

temporary home
/ˈtemprəri həʊm/ 临时住所

We have been living in the temporary home since the earthquake.
地震后我们一直住在临时住所。

serve as
/sɜːv æz/ 担任(充当；起...的作用)

He served as a captain in the army.
他在军队担任上尉。

for the most part
/fɔː(r) ðə məʊst pɑːt/ 一般地，通常；在极大程度上，多半

For the most part, however, I was impressed by how well cars avoided killing us.
然而，在很大程度上，我对汽车能如此有效地避免撞死我们印象深刻。

at one point
/æt wʌn pɔɪnt/ 一度, 在某一时刻

At one point in the interview, I asked Clay if he ever regretted this decision.
在采访的某个时刻，我问克莱是否后悔过这个决定。

rise to one's feet
/raɪz tu wʌnz fiːt/ 站起来

After ten minutes of struggle, the old man was able to rise to his feet unsteadily.
挣扎了十分钟后，老人才摇摇晃晃地站了起来。

bring to public attention
/brɪŋ tu ˈpʌblɪk əˈtenʃn/ 引起公众注意

Recently, the issue of student study has been brought to public attention.
近日，学生学习的问题引起了公众的关注。

pass away
/pæs əˈweɪ/ （礼貌的说法）去世；逝世

He unfortunately passed away last year.
他不幸于去年去世。