Unit Three, War and peace

violent
/ˈvaɪələnt/ adj.使用暴力的；强暴的

Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.
学生与警方发生了暴力冲突。

landing
/ˈlændɪŋ/ n.[ C ]着陆；靠岸

The pilot was forced to make an emergency landing.
飞行员被迫紧急着陆。

Allied
/ˈælaɪd/ adj.[ before noun ]（第二次世界大战期间）同盟国的

Allied forces or troops are armies from different countries who are fighting on the same side in a war.
盟军是指在战争中站在同一阵营的来自不同国家的军队。

troop
/truːp/ n.[ troops plural ]一大群执勤的士兵，部队，军队

They announced the withdrawal of 12000 troops from the area.
他们宣布从这个地区撤军12000人。

code-name
/ˈkəʊdˌneɪm/ v.给……取代号

The operation was code-named Moonlight Sonata.
这次（有目的的）行动的代号是“月光奏鸣曲”。

tide
/taɪd/ n.[ C ]潮汐；潮水

The body was washed up on the beach by the tide.
尸体被潮水冲上了海滩。

supreme
/sʊˈpriːm/ adj.（等级、水平或重要性）最高（的），至高无上（的）；极大的；最好的

It is an event in which she reigns supreme.
这个比赛项目她所向无敌。

commander
/kəˈmɑːndə/ n.[ C ]指挥官，长官

The commander and some of the men had been released.
指挥官和一些士兵已被释放。

parachute
/ˈpærəʃuːt/ n.[ C ]降落伞

They fell 41,000 ft. before opening their parachutes.
他们下落了41,000英尺才打开他们的降落伞。

objective
/əbˈdʒektɪv/ n.[ C ]目标；目的

Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.
我们的主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。

coastline
/ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ n.[ C or U ]（尤指从空中、海上或地图上看到的）海岸线

This is some of the most exposed coastline in the world.
这里的海岸线属于世界上最无遮蔽的一段了。

violence
/ˈvaɪələns/ n.[ U ]暴力行为；激烈的言辞

Twenty people were killed in the violence.
有20人在这起暴力事件中被杀害。

horror
/ˈhɒrə/ n.[ U ]恐惧；震惊；（…的）震惊性，恐怖性

I felt numb with horror.
我惊呆了。

drown
/draʊn/ v.[ I or T ]（使）淹死，（使）溺死

A child can drown in only a few inches of water.
儿童在只有几英寸深的水中就可能淹死。

gunfire
/ˈɡʌnfaɪə/ n.[ U ]（连续不断的枪或炮的）重复射击

The sound of gunfire and explosions grew closer.
枪炮声和爆炸声越来越近了。

amongst
/əˈmʌŋst/ prep.(also among)在…中；为…所环绕；在…（群体）中；…之一；在三者或以上数量的人或物之间

I found the letter amongst his papers.
我在他的文件中找到了这封信。

tank
/tæŋk/ n.[C]坦克

A tank is a large military vehicle that is equipped with weapons and moves along on metal tracks that are fitted over the wheels.
坦克是一种配备武器的大型军用车辆，在安装在轮子上的金属轨道上行驶。

recall
/rɪˈkɔːl/ v.[ I or T ]回忆起；回想起；记得

She could not recall his name.
她想不起他的名字了。

barely
/ˈbeəli/ adv.仅仅；刚好；几乎不，几乎没有；勉强才能；极少量地

The music was barely audible.
音乐声勉强能听见。

liberate
/ˈlɪbəreɪt/ v.[ T ]解放，使自由

The city was liberated by the advancing army.
军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。

memorial
/məˈmɔːriəl/ adj.[ before noun ]用以纪念的，纪念性的；追悼的

The memorial service will be held at a local church.
悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。

solemn
/ˈsɒləm/ adj.庄严的，严肃的；郑重的（承诺）

She made a solemn promise to him when they became engaged that she would give up cigarettes for good.
他们订婚时，她向他许下郑重的承诺，说她会永远戒烟。

weary
/ˈwɪəri/ v.(formal)[ T ]使疲劳，使疲倦，使厌烦 v.(formal)[ I ]（对…）开始厌倦

The King said, impatiently, "Have done with this folly — you weary me!"
国王不耐烦地说：“你不要再胡闹了 —— 你真让我厌烦！”

condemn (sb to sth)
/kənˈdem/ v.使…遭受；使…处于（不幸的境地）

Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid work.
没有学历使他们一辈子都得从事枯燥乏味而且通常报酬很低的工作。

outstanding
/aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj.杰出的，优秀的；卓越的；出众的；出色的

He is unarguably an outstanding man.
毋庸置疑，他是一位杰出人士。

uniform
/ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ n.[ C or U ]制服

Nurses have to wear a uniform.
护士必须穿制服。

peacekeeping
/ˈpiːsˌkiːpɪŋ/ n.[ U ]维护和平

Peacekeeping, by its nature, makes pre-planning difficult.
维和行动本身的特点决定了预先制订计划很困难。

peacekeeper
/ˈpiːsˌkiːpə/ n.[ C ]调停者；维和人员；维和部队士兵

UN peacekeepers are trying to distribute supplies to 30,000 civilians.
联合国维和士兵正努力将供给分发给三万平民。

friction
/ˈfrɪkʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]（观点不同者之间的）摩擦，不和

Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.
萨拉感觉到她的孩子们中间出现了摩擦。

disarm
/dɪsˈɑːm/ v.[ I or T ]缴…的械，解除…的武装；交出武器，裁军

We will agree to disarming troops and leaving their weapons at military positions.
我们将同意解除部队的武装，并将他们的武器留在军事阵地。

combatant
/ˈkɒmbətənt/ n.[ C ](formal)战斗人员，战士，斗士

I have never suggested that UN forces could physically separate the combatants in the region.
我从未暗示过联合国部队实际上能够将该地区各参战方隔离开。

weapon
/ˈwepən/ n.[ C ]武器，兵器；凶器

A weapon is an object such as a gun, a knife, or a missile, which is used to kill or hurt people in a fight or a war.
武器是指在战斗或战争中用来杀死或伤害人的物体，如枪、刀或导弹。

ammunition
/ˌæmjʊˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ](informal ammo /ˈæm.əʊ/)子弹或炸弹，弹药，军火

He had only seven rounds of ammunition for the revolver.
他的左轮手枪只有七发子弹了。

stability
/stəˈbɪlɪti/ n.[ U ]稳定；稳固

Being back with their family should provide emotional stability for the children.
与家人团聚应该为孩子们提供情绪上的稳定。

on standby
/ɒn ˈstændbaɪ/ 待命；备用；随时准备

He was put on standby for the flight to New York.
这班飞往纽约的班机，他候补待位。

professionalism
/prəˈfeʃ(ə)nəlɪz(ə)m/ n.[ U ]专业水准；专业精神

We were impressed by the professionalism of the staff.
职员的专业素质给我们的印象很深。

academic
/ækəˈdemɪk/ adj.学校的；学院的；学术的

The students return in October for the start of the new academic year.
学生于十月返校，开始新学年的学习。

aggression
/əˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]侵略；侵犯；攻击；挑衅；（威胁或伤害某人或某物的）口头或身体的行为

The research shows that computer games may cause aggression.
研究显示，电脑游戏可能引起好斗情绪。

bomb
/bɒm/ v.[ T ]轰炸，投弹于；炸毁

The city was heavily bombed in the war.
这座城市在战争中遭到了猛烈轰炸。

intellectual
/ɪntəˈlektʃʊəl/ adj.智力的，脑力的

High levels of lead could damage the intellectual development of children.
铅含量过高可能会损害儿童的智力发展。

associated
/əˈsəuʃieɪtɪd/ adj.有关联的；相关的

These symptoms are particularly associated with migraine headaches.
这些症状尤其与偏头痛有关。

rough
/rʌf/ adj.（表面）粗糙的，毛糙的，不平滑的

His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.
由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

sardine
/sɑːˈdiːn/ n.[ C ]沙丁鱼

They opened a can of sardines.
他们打开了一罐沙丁鱼。

dire
/ˈdaɪə/ adj.严重的；危急的；极端的；(mainly UK informal)很坏的

The government looked as if it would split apart, with dire consequences for domestic peace.
政府看起来似乎要分裂，给国内和平带来可怕的后果。

disrupt
/dɪsˈrʌpt/ v.[ T ]打断，中断，扰乱

Anti-war protesters disrupted the debate.
反战示威者们扰乱了辩论。

daunting
/ˈdɔːntɪŋ/ adj.令人发怵的；使人气馁的

He and his wife Jane were faced with the daunting task of restoring the gardens to their former splendour.
他和他的妻子简面临着将花园恢复到昔日辉煌的艰巨任务。

fortify
/ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ v.[ T ]（尤指为防御而）加强，增强（使更健壮）

He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink.
他喝了一杯热饮御寒。

emerge
/ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v.[ I ]出现，浮现；露出

The swimmer emerged from the lake.
游泳者从湖水中浮出来。

shirk
/ʃɜːk/ v.[ I or T ]逃避（尤指困难或令人不快的工作、责任等）

Discipline in the company was strict and no one shirked.
公司有严格的纪律，没有人偷懒（推卸责任）。

invader
/ɪnˈveɪdə/ n.[ C ]入侵者，侵略者，侵略军

They prepared to repel the invaders.
他们准备赶走侵略军。（他们准备击退入侵者。）

depict
/dɪˈpɪkt/ v.[ T ]描绘，描述，描写

The advertisements depict smoking as glamorous and attractive.
这些广告把吸烟描绘得充满刺激和富有吸引力。

peer
/pɪə/ n.[ C ]同龄人；同辈；同等社会地位（或能力）的人

She enjoys the respect of her peers.
她受到同龄人的尊敬。

misty
/ˈmɪsti/ adj.雾的；有雾的；多雾的

It's a little misty this morning.
今天早上有点儿雾。

breeze
/briːz/ n.[ C ]和风，微风

A breeze is a gentle wind.
微风是柔和的风。

crowning
/ˈkraʊnɪŋ/ adj.（事件，成就）最伟大的，最重要的

The successful mission marked the crowning moment for the space program.
这次成功的任务标志了太空计划的最伟大时刻。

glory
/ˈɡlɔːri/ n.[ U ]光荣，荣耀 n.[ C ]给人荣耀的事；值得称赞的事；引以为豪的成就

She wanted to enjoy her moment of glory.
她希望尽情享受自己的光荣时刻。

prominent
/ˈprɒmɪnənt/ adj.著名的；重要的

He played a prominent part in the campaign.
他在这次运动中发挥了重要作用。

dedication
/ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]奉献，贡献，献身（的品质）

Her dedication to her work was admirable.
她对工作的奉献精神令人钦佩。

representative
/reprɪˈzentətɪv/ n.[ C ]代表；代理人

He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。

commemorate
/kəˈmeməreɪt/ v.[ T ]（尤指举行公开仪式或竖立雕塑或专门建筑）纪念，缅怀

The city commissioned a monument to commemorate the battle.
该市委托人修建了一座纪念碑以纪念这次战役。

anniversary
/ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ri/ n.[ C ]周年纪念；周年纪念日

It was the fortieth anniversary of the death of the composer.
这是该作曲家逝世40周年纪念日。

reaffirm
/riːəˈfɜːm/ v.[ T ]重申，再次声明；加强

He reaffirmed his commitment to the country's economic reform program.
他重申了他对国家经济改革计划的承诺。

collective
/kəˈlektɪv/ adj.[ before noun ]集体的；共同的

It was a collective decision.
这是集体的决定。

blueprint
/ˈbluːprɪnt/ n.[ C ]蓝图

The president will offer delegates his blueprint for the country's future.
总统将为代表们提供国家未来的蓝图。

sum
/sʌm/ n.[ C ]金额

Large sums of money were lost.
损失了大笔金钱。

grain
/ɡreɪn/ n.[ C or U ]（尤指像稻谷、小麦等像草一样的植物的）谷粒，颖果，谷（物）

Grain is a cereal crop, especially wheat or corn, that has been harvested and is used for food or in trade.
谷物是一种谷类作物，尤其是小麦或玉米，已经收获并用于食品或贸易。

relevant
/ˈreləv(ə)nt/ adj.相关的；有关的；相关联的；切题的

Do you have the relevant experience?
你有相关的经验吗？

be made up of
/biː meɪd ʌp əv/ 由……所组成

Each atomic cluster is made up of neutrons and protons.
每个原子团由中子和质子组成。

free from
/friː frɒm/ v.[ T ]松开，解开，移动或松开被卡住或固定在某处的某人或某物

Three people were freed from the wreckage.
有三人被救出残骸。

have confidence in
/hæv ˈkɒnfɪdəns ɪn/ 对……有信心；信任……

The players all have confidence in their manager.
球员们都对他们的主教练充满信心。

(be) nothing less than (sth)
/ˈnʌθɪŋ les ðæn/ （用于强调某事物极其重要、特殊或令人向往）简直是，不亚于

It was nothing less than a disaster.
这简直就是一场灾难。

prepare for
/prɪˈpeə(r) fɔː(r)/ 为……做准备

The whole class is working hard preparing for the exams.
全班都在努力用功准备考试。

make it
/meɪk ɪt/ 成功，达到预定目标

He never really made it as an actor.
他从来就不是一个成功的演员。

meet up with (someone)
/miːt ʌp wɪð/ 在做好安排后与某人见面并交谈

Last night, when he was parking my car, he met up with a buddy he had at Stanford.
昨晚他为我泊车时，（根据事先的安排）见到了他在斯坦福时的一位朋友。