Unit One, Looking forwards

take action
/teɪk ˈækʃn/ 采取行动

We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.
在采取行动之前，我们需要更多的时间来观察事态的发展。

boyhood
/ˈbɔɪhʊd/ n.[ C or U ]（男子的）孩童时期，少年时代

Boyhood is the period of a male person's life, during which he is a boy.
少年时代是一个男人一生中的一段时期，在这段时间里，他是一个男孩。

ambition
/æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C ]抱负；志向；雄心；野心

His ambition is to sail around the world.
他的志向是航行环游世界。

trainee
/ˌtreɪˈniː/ n.[ C ]受培训者；实习生，见习生

He is a 24-year-old trainee reporter.
他是一个24岁的实习记者。

correspondent
/ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndənt/ n.[ C ]（受雇于报纸、电视台等报道某一特定主题或从外国发送报道的）通讯员，（驻外）记者

A correspondent is a newspaper or television journalist, especially one who specializes in a particular type of news.
（驻外）记者是报纸或电视台的记者，尤其是专门报道某类新闻的记者。

bullfighting
/ˈbʊlfaɪtɪŋ/ n.[ U ]斗牛（的令人激动的活动过程）

bullfight
/ˈbʊl.faɪt/ n.[ C ]斗牛（的出人意料的事件情况）

Bullfighting is the public entertainment in which people try to kill bulls in bullfights.
斗牛是公众娱乐活动，人们在斗牛中试图杀死公牛。

historical
/hɪˈstɒrɪk(ə)l/ adj.历史的；有关历史的

You must place these events in their historical context.
必须把这些事件同它们的历史环境联系起来看。

detective
/dɪˈtektɪv/ n.[ C ]侦探

Now detectives are appealing for witnesses who may have seen anything suspicious last night.
现在侦探们正在呼吁昨晚可能看到任何可疑情况的人出来作证。

ultimately
/ˈʌltɪmɪtli/ adv.最终，最后

Dishonesty is ultimately self-defeating.
弄虚作假最终会自食其果。

dot
/dɒt/ n.[ C ]小圆点 n.[ U ]（互联网、电子邮件地址或某些计算机文件所使用的句号的口语形式）点

There are dots above the letters i and j.
字母 i 和 j 上面都有一点。

backwards
/ˈbækwədz/ adv.(mainly UK)(US usually backward)向后地；倒退地

He took a step backwards.
他退后了一步。

admission
/ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]准许进入

Hospital admission is not necessary in most cases.
大多数情况下，病人无须住院。

make up one's mind
/meɪk ʌp wʌnz maɪnd/ (also make your mind up)下定决心，打定主意

Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon?
你们决定好到哪里去度蜜月了吗？

pass (sth) up
/pæs ʌp/ 放过，放弃，错过（机会）

Young people should never pass up the opportunity to go to university.
年轻人永远不应该放弃上大学的机会。

have second thoughts
/hæv ˈsekənd θɔːts/ 改变主意；开始怀疑

I had never had second thoughts about my decision to leave the company.
我从未怀疑过自己当初离开公司的决定。

put (sth) off
/pʊt ɒf/ 推迟，拖延

Women who put off having a baby often make the best mothers.
晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲。

reject……out of hand
/rɪˈdʒekt aʊt əv hænd/ 不假思索地拒绝

All our suggestions were rejected out of hand.
我们所有的建议都被一口拒绝了。

weigh up
/weɪ ʌp/ 估计（形势）；评估（某人的能力、品质）

You must weigh up the pros and cons (=consider the advantages and disadvantages of sth).
你必须权衡利弊。

participation
/pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]参加，参与[cān yù]

Their participation is subject to a number of important provisos.
他们的参与受一些重要条款的限制。

complex
/ˈkɒmpleks/ adj.难懂的，费解的；错综复杂的

It is a complex yet stimulating book.
这是一本既复杂又有启发性的书。

diverge
/daɪˈvɜːdʒ/ v.[ I ]（道路）分叉；出现差异；发生分歧

The parallel lines appear to diverge.
这些平行线像是岔开了。

undergrowth
/ˈʌndəɡrəʊθ/ n.[ U ]林下灌丛；林下植物

He started to slog his way through the undergrowth.
他踏上了穿越林莽的艰难征程。

numerous
/ˈnjuːm(ə)rəs/ adj.许多的，大量的

He has been late on numerous occasions.
他已经迟到过无数次了。

commercial
/kəˈmɜːʃ(ə)l/ n.[ C ]（电视或广播里的）商业广告

Turn the channel – there are too many commercials.
换个频道 —— 广告太多了。

thoughtful
/ˈθɔːtf(ə)l/ adj.沉思的

They sat in thoughtful silence.
他们坐着，沉思不语。

symbolize
/ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ v.[ T ](UK usually symbolise)象征，代表

The use of light and dark symbolizes good and evil.
用光明与黑暗来象征善与恶。

alternative
/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n.[ C ]（尤指不同于平常事物的）可供选择的事物；可供选择的解决办法

You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。

dilemma
/dɪˈlemə/ n.[ C ]左右为难，两难境地

He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.
他面临着是否回国的两难境地。

arise
/əˈraɪz/ v.[ I ]发源于；起源于

This serenity arose in part from Rachel's religious beliefs.
这种平静的品质或状态部分源于雷切尔的宗教信仰。

circumstance
/ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ n.[ C usually plural ]条件，情况；情形，形势

Recent opinion polls show that 60 percent favour abortion under certain circumstances.
最近的民意调查显示，60%的人赞成在某些情况下可以堕胎[ duò tāi ]。

mixture
/ˈmɪkstʃə/ n.[ C ]混合物；混合体；混合料

They looked at him with a mixture of horror, envy, and awe.
他们带着一种恐惧、嫉妒和敬畏交织在一起的复杂心情望着他。

affection
/əˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n.[ U or S ]喜爱；钟爱；挚爱

She thought of him with affection.
她很想念他。

qualified
/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj.有资格的；合格的，胜任的

I don't know much about it, so I don't feel qualified to comment.
我对此了解不多，所以我觉得没有资格发表评论。

fluency
/ˈfluːənsi/ n.[ U ]（指人说某种语言）流利（的素质或状态）

Fluency in French is required for this job.
这项工作需要流利的法语。

sincerely
/sɪnˈsɪəli/ adv.真诚地，诚实地，真心实意地

I sincerely believe that this is the right decision.
我真心实意地相信这个决定是正确的。

yours sincerely
/jɔːz sɪnˈsɪəli/ (US also Sincerely yours)谨启（用于信的结尾）

Yours sincerely is used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name when you have addressed somebody by their name.
当你给某人写完信后，在你签名之前，谨启用在正式信件的末尾，他们名字的旁边。

refreshments
/rɪˈfreʃmənts/ n.[ C plural ](refreshment /rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/)茶点；点心和饮料

Lunch and refreshments will be provided.
将提供午餐和茶点。

shift
/ʃɪft/ n.[ C, + sing/pl verb ]轮班职工；班；轮班

His father worked shifts in a steel mill.
他父亲在一家钢铁厂轮班工作。

in the face of
/ɪn ðə feɪs əv/ 面对；不顾（困难等）

She showed great courage in the face of danger.
面对危险她表现出了巨大的勇气。

come one's way
/kʌm wʌnz weɪ/ 降临到某人头上、出现在某人面前

He took whatever came his way.
无论什么事落到他的头上，他都认了。

be forced to do
/biː fɔːst tu duː/ 被迫做

I was forced to attempt a gallop.
我被迫试着骑马飞奔。

take a leaf out of one's book
/teɪk ə liːf aʊt əv wʌnz bʊk/ 借鉴某人的经验（因为这会给你带来好处）；复制别人做的事情（因为它会给你带来好处）

take a leaf from one's book
/teɪk ə liːf frɒm wʌnz bʊk/ 借鉴某人的经验（因为这会给你带来好处）；复制别人做的事情（因为它会给你带来好处）

Maybe I should take a leaf out of Robert's book and start coming in at ten every morning.
也许我应该学罗伯特那样每天早上十点就到。

Maybe I should take a leaf from Robert's book and start coming in at ten every morning.
也许我应该学罗伯特那样每天早上十点就到。

insight into
/ˈɪnsaɪt ˈɪntu/ 对……的洞察力；对……的深刻见解；对……的独到见解

The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.
这本书生动地表现了墨西哥的生活。

on a daily basis
/ɒn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs/ 按每天（的固定模式）

Invoices are signed on a daily basis.
发票按日签发。

arise from
/əˈraɪz frɒm/ 因……而开始发生或存在；由……引起，起因于

Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
身体上的原因可能引起情绪或精神上的问题。

turn (sth/sb) down
/tɜːn daʊn/ 拒绝

I thanked him for the offer, but turned it down.
我谢绝了他的提议。（我对他的主动帮忙表示感谢，但我拒绝了。）