Unit Four, Everyday economics

forehead
/ˈfɒrɪd/ n.[ C ]前额，额头

How did you get that bump on your forehead?
你额头上怎么起了个包？

blank
/blæŋk/ adj.无表情的，茫然的；木然的

She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
她木然地盯着我。

dizzy
/ˈdɪzi/ adj.眩晕的，头晕目眩[mù xuàn]的，眼花缭乱的

Climbing so high made me feel dizzy.
爬那么高使我感到头晕目眩。

chairwoman
/ˈtʃeəˌwʊmən/ n.[ C ]（会议或组织的）女主持人，女主席

The chairwoman of a meeting, committee, or organization is the woman in charge of it.
会议、委员会或组织的女主席是负责该组织的女性。

sunrise
/ˈsʌnraɪz/ n.[ U ](US also sunup)日出（时分），拂晓，黎明

The rain began before sunrise.
雨是在日出前开始下的。

potential
/pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ n.[ U ]潜力，潜能

All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.
应该鼓励所有的孩子发挥他们全面的潜力。

bug
/bʌɡ/ n.[ S ](informal)热衷；迷恋

She was never interested in fitness before but now she's been bitten by the bug.
她以前从来不在乎健身，现在她却着了迷。

enterprising
/ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ/ adj.有开创能力的，富于创业精神的，有魄力的，有进取心的

Some enterprising members found ways of reducing their expenses or raising their incomes.
一些有进取心的成员找到了减少开支或增加收入的方法。

input
/ˈɪnpʊt/ n.[ C or U ]（能源、资金或信息的）投入，输入

I'd appreciate your input on this.
我将感激你在这方面的投入。

obstacle
/ˈɒbstək(ə)l/ n.[ C ]障碍；阻碍；妨碍

A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job.
学历或技能不足可能成为谋职的主要障碍。

phase
/feɪz/ n.[ C ]（发展或变化的）阶段，时期

His anxiety about the work was just a passing phase.
他对工作的担心只是暂时的。

manufacturer
/ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃ(ə)rə/ n.[ C ]制造商（大批量生产商品的企业）

Always follow the manufacturer's instructions.
请始终遵循制造商的操作指南。

cosmetic
/kɒzˈmetɪk/ n.

cosmetics
/kɒzˈmetɪks/ n.[ plural ]化妆品

Cosmetics are used for adornment.
化妆品是用来打扮的。

purchase
/ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买

The equipment can be purchased from your local supplier.
这种设备可从您当地的供应商处购买。

distribution
/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]分发，散发；分配

Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven distribution of emergency aid.
一些受害者正大声地抱怨着紧急援助的不平等分配。

bonus
/ˈbəʊnəs/ n.[ C ]奖金；红利；津贴

Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of bonuses and overtime.
大公司的员工有相当一部分薪酬来自奖金和加班费。

entrepreneurial
/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/ adj.企业家的

His company, Soria Natural SA, has become an entrepreneurial success story.
他的公司 Soria Natural SA，已经成为一个创业的成功故事。

guidance
/ˈɡaɪd(ə)ns/ n.[ U ]指导，引导

She received very little career guidance when young.
她年轻时没受过什么就业指导。

consultant
/kənˈsʌltənt/ n.[ C ]顾问；咨询师

He is currently engaged as a consultant.
他现在受雇为顾问。

conventional
/kənˈvenʃ(ə)nəl/ adj.传统的；常规的；普通的

Biofuels can be mixed with conventional fuels.
生物燃料能够和传统燃料混合使用。

discriminate
/dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ v.[ I ]歧视；区别对待

It is illegal to discriminate on the grounds of race, sex, or religion.
基于种族、性别或宗教的歧视是非法的。

equator
/ɪˈkweɪtə/ n.[ S ]赤道

The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth at an equal distance from the North Pole and the South Pole.
赤道是一条围绕地球中部的假想线，与北极和南极的距离相等。

estate
/ɪˈsteɪt/ n.[ C ]（位于乡村的）大片私有土地，庄园，种植园

He spent holidays at the 300-acre estate of his aunt and uncle.
他在叔叔婶婶的300英亩庄园里度过了假期。

superior
/suːˈpɪəriə/ adj.质量上乘的，好于平均的，好过其他的，优越的

A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops.
几年前, 几乎不可能在当地的商店找到品质上乘的咖啡。

mild
/maɪld/ adj.（食物或其味道）不浓烈的，淡的

Please give me some mild cheese.
请给我一些清淡的奶酪。

calorie
/ˈkæləri/ n.[ C ]卡，卡路里（测量食物所含热量的单位）

Sweetened drinks contain a lot of calories.
含糖的饮料热量很高。

subjective
/səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj.主观的

We know that taste in art is a subjective matter.
我们知道艺术品位因人而异。

freshman
/ˈfreʃmən/ n.[ C ](US)(plural freshmen)(informal frosh)（高中或大学的）一年级新生

He transferred to UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles，简称：UCLA) after his freshman year.
他读完大学一年级后，转学到加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校。

make ends meet
/meɪk endz miːt/ 使收支相抵；勉强维持生计

Many families struggle to make ends meet.
许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。

afloat
/əˈfləʊt/ adj.有偿债能力的；经济上周转得开的

They will have to borrow £ 10 million next year, just to stay afloat.
明年他们得举债1000万英镑才能维持下去。

interfere
/ˌɪntəˈfɪə/ v.[ I ]干涉，干预

I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions.
我希望妈妈不要再干涉我，让我自己做决定。

interfere with (sth)
/ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r) wɪð/ 妨碍，干扰

Smoking and drinking interfere with your body's ability to process oxygen.
抽烟和饮酒会干扰身体处理氧气的能力。

rational
/ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ adj.基于清晰的思想和理性的；头脑清醒的；理智的；理性的；合理的

There is no rational explanation for his actions.
对他的所作所为无法作出合理的解释。

exceed
/ɪkˈsiːd/ v.[ T ]超过，超出（数量）；超越（规定的范围）

The price will not exceed 100 pounds.
价格不会超过100英镑。

go into debt
/ɡəʊ ˈɪntu det/ 负债，欠债

Their parents spend almost all the family savings or even go into debt to pay for their education.
他们的父母几乎花光了家里所有的积蓄，甚至负债来支付他们的教育费用。

financial
/fɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/ adj.财务的；财政的；金融的

Tokyo and New York are major financial centers.
东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。

accumulate
/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v.[ T ]（长时间）收集（大量的东西）；积累；积聚；积攒

I seem to have accumulated a lot of books.
我好像已经收集了很多书。

automatically
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/ adv.自动地

The page refreshes automatically.
页面会自动刷新。

toddler
/ˈtɒdlə/ n.[ C ]（尤指处于学步期或刚学会走路的）幼童

I had a toddler at home and two other children at school.
我有一个刚学步的小孩在家中，另外两个孩子在学校。

sorrow
/ˈsɒrəʊ/ n.[ C or U ](formal)悲痛，哀伤，伤心，悔恨；伤心事，不幸

Words cannot express my sorrow.
言语无法表达我的哀伤。

frustration
/frʌˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]（因不能满足需求而）沮丧；令人沮丧的事物

He cried with anger and frustration.
他愤怒而沮丧[ jǔ sàng ]地哭了起来。

hire
/haɪə/ v.[ T ](UK)(US rent)（短期的）租，租用

Why don't you hire a car? Then you'll be able to visit more of the area.
你怎么不租辆汽车呢？那样的话，你就可以多参观些地方。

designer clothes
/dɪˈzaɪnə(r) kləʊðz/ 名牌服装

I like to mix up designer clothes.
我喜欢把各种名牌服装混搭[ hùn dā ]穿戴在一起。

rent out (sth)
/rent aʊt/ [also rent (sth) out]出租，租出（房屋、房间、土地等）

We rent out rooms in our house to students.
我们把住宅里的房间出租给学生。

thereby
/ðeəˈbaɪ/ adv.(formal)因此，由此；从而

Regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack.
经常锻炼可以增强心脏机能，从而减少心脏病发作的危险。

supervision
/ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ n.[ U ]监督，管理，指导

A toddler requires close supervision and firm control at all times.
刚学步的孩子时刻需要寸步不离的照看，并要牢牢看紧。

expense
/ɪkˈspens/ n.[ U ]金钱的使用；花钱；支付；耗费

He's bought a big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly.
他花大价钱买了一台大的电视机，这样每个人都能看清楚。

at the expense of (sb)
/æt ði ɪkˈspens əv/ (also at sb's expense)以……为代价；由……支付费用；捉弄，戏弄；拿…开心

According to this study, women have made notable gains at the expense of men.
根据这项研究，女性以牺牲男性的利益为代价而获得了显著的收益。

abuse
/əˈbjuːs/ n.[ C or U ]（尤指出于个人私利的）滥用；妄用

What went on here was an abuse of power.
这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。

theft
/θeft/ n.[ C or U ]盗窃；偷窃行为

Over the last decade, auto theft has increased by over 56 percent.
过去的10年来汽车盗窃案上升了56%以上。

purse
/pɜːs/ n.[ C ](US)(also handbag)（尤指女式）手提包，手袋 n.[ C ](UK)(US change purse)（常指女用）钱包

She looked at me and then reached in her purse for cigarettes.
她看看我，接着伸手去包里拿香烟。

as to
/æz tu/ (formal)正如，关于，至于；就……而论

To them, as to all Poles, this is a holy place.
正如对所有的极地人一样，对他们来说，这里是个神圣的地方。

a world away from
/ə wɜːld əˈweɪ frɒm/ 一个遥远的世界

It is a world away from the world we know.
这是一个与我们所知的世界相去甚远的世界。

row upon row
/rəʊ əˈpɒn rəʊ/ 一排排的；鳞次栉比[ lín cì zhì bǐ ]

Row upon row of women surged forwards.
一排又一排的妇女向前涌去。

be bitten by the bug
/biː ˈbɪtn baɪ ðə bʌɡ/ 被虫子咬了；激发起强烈的欲望；热衷于；被迷住

He was bitten by the bug.
他被迷住了。（他被虫子咬了。）

start out
/stɑːt aʊt/ 开始；出发；着手进行；开始人生；开始职业生涯

I'm careful to start out by saying clearly what I want.
我小心翼翼地以清楚地说出自己想要的东西开始。

response to
/rɪˈspɒns tu/ 对...的反应，对...的回应

We've had a very positive response to the idea.
我们对这个想法反应很好。（我们对这个想法做出了非常积极的回应。）

at rock-bottom prices
/æt ˌrɒk ˈbɒtəm ˈpraɪsɪz/ 以最低价格

We got it at rock-bottom prices.
我们以最低的价格买到了它。

do a further favor
/duː ə ˈfɜːðə(r) ˈfeɪvə/ (US)[=(UK)do a further favour]再帮个忙

Could you do us a further favor?
你能再帮我们一个忙吗？

as is often the case
/æz ɪz ˈɒfn ðə keɪs/ 通常就是这样

As is often the case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older.
就像人类通常的情况一样，许多动物年轻时睡得很多，但当它们变老时就睡得更少了。

be subject to (sth)
/biː ˈsʌb.dʒekt tu/ 拥有或经历特定的事情，尤其是不愉快的事情；有；遭受，承受

Prices may be subject to alteration.
价格可能会有变动。