Unit Five, Into the unknown

civilization
/ˌsɪv(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ](UK usually civilisation)文明社会；（特定时期特定社会或国家的）文明，文化

The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilization.
维多利亚时代（英国1837-1901年最强盛的时期）的英国人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。

intrigue
/ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v.[ T ]（尤指因奇怪、不寻常或神秘而）使很感兴趣，迷住

You've really intrigued me, tell me more!
你说的真有意思，再给我讲一些吧！

bury
/ˈberi/ v.[ T ]埋，掩埋；埋藏，隐藏；埋葬，安葬

The dog had buried its bone in the garden.
狗把骨头埋在了花园里。

pyramid
/ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n.[ C ]

the pyramids
/ðə ˈpɪrəmɪdz/ [ plural ](also the Pyramids)（古埃及为埋葬法老修建的）金字塔

We set off to see the Pyramids and Sphinx.
我们出发去看金字塔和狮身人面像。

astronomy
/əˈstrɒnəmi/ n.[ U ]天文学

Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
天文学是对空间中的恒星、行星和其他自然物体的科学研究。

canal
/kəˈnæl/ n.[ C ]运河；渠

A canal is a long, narrow stretch of water that has been made for boats to travel along or to bring water to a particular area.
运河是为船只航行或将水输送到特定地区而修建的一段狭长的水域。

tropical
/ˈtrɒpɪk(ə)l/ adj.热带的

Tropical means belonging to or typical of the tropics.
热带的是指属于热带或典型的热带地区。

cyclone
/ˈsaɪkləʊn/ n.[ C ]旋风；气旋；龙卷风

The race was called off as a cyclone struck.
由于龙卷风来袭，比赛被取消了。

megadrought
/ˈmeɡədraʊt/ n.百年不遇的干旱，特大干旱

A megadrought is a prolonged drought lasting two decades or longer.
特大干旱指的是持续20年或更长时间的长期干旱。

downfall
/ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ n.[ S ]衰败；倒台，垮台

The sex scandal finally led to his downfall.
这桩绯闻[ fēi wén ]最终使他身败名裂。

ruin
/ˈruːɪn/ n.[ C ]废墟；残垣断壁；倒塌的建筑物

The old mill is now little more than a ruin.
老磨坊现在只剩下一点残垣断壁[ cán yuán duàn bì ]了。

fall into ruin
/fɔːl ˈɪntu ˈruːɪn/ 坍塌；成为废墟（破败不堪）

A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.
革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。

abandon
/əˈbændən/ v.[ T ]离弃；放弃；抛弃；遗弃

The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。

dismiss
/dɪsˈmɪs/ v.[ T ]对…不予理会，摒弃，（从头脑中）去除

I think we can safely dismiss their objections.
我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。

expansion
/ɪkˈspænʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]（尺寸、数量或重要性的）扩大，增加，扩展

Despite the recession, the company is confident of further expansion.
尽管经济衰退，公司对进一步扩展仍充满信心。

getaway
/ˈɡetəweɪ/ n.[ C ](informal)（通常指犯罪后）逃跑，逃走，逃离

They made their getaway on a stolen motorcycle.
他们骑上一辆偷来的摩托车逃掉了。

run for one's life
/rʌn fɔː(r) wʌnz laɪf/ 逃命；拼命逃跑

We leave there to run for our life.
我们离开那里去逃命。

check (sth) out
/tʃek aʊt/ (informal)查证；核实，证实；去…查看；了解…的情况

Maybe we ought to go down to the library and check it out.
或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。

test the waters
/test ðə ˈwɔːtəz/ (also test the water)（在你要求别人做某事之前，先弄清楚他们对某事的看法）试探；（在做某事或尝试某事之前，先弄清楚它是否可能成功）试验，测试

Sometimes people get curious and want to test the waters.
有时人们会感到好奇，想要试验（试探）一下。

steer clear of (sb/sth)
/stɪr klɪr əv/ 绕开，避开（令人不快或危险的人或事物）

I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.
我认为很多人，特别是女性，都会避开这些敏感问题。

retreat
/rɪˈtriːt/ v.[ I often + adv/prep ]退却；撤退；后退

We watched her retreating figure.
我们注视着她后退的身影。

subdue
/səbˈduː/ v.[ T ]压制；制服；控制

He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.
他强迫自己克制[ kè zhì ]并战胜恐惧心理。

the unknown
/ðə ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ 未知的事物

Ignorance of people brings fear, fear of the unknown.
人们的无知会带来恐惧，对未知事物的恐惧。

set out
/set aʊt/ 出发，启程；（怀着特定目的）开始，着手

When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable boots.
出发进行长距离徒步时，每次都要穿上合适的靴子。

uncharted
/ʌnˈtʃɑːtəd/ adj.(literary)（地方或处境）全新的；未知的；未经勘测的；无人涉足的；人迹罕至的

They set off into the country's uncharted interior.
他们出发前往这个国家人迹罕至的内陆。

delve (into sth)
/delv/ v.[ I ]深入探索；探究

She had started to delve into her father's distant past.
她开始探究她父亲久已逝去的岁月。

throw oneself into (something)
/θrəʊ wʌnˈself ˈɪntu/ 充满热情地做；热心投身于；积极从事；开始努力干；全身心地投入到

I sincerely want to change my nature and throw myself into my work.
我真诚地想改变我的天性，全身心地投入到我的工作中去。

think twice
/θɪŋk twaɪs/ 三思而后行

I must think twice before I can promise.
我必须三思而后行，然后才能承诺。

shrink
/ʃrɪŋk/ v.[ I usually + adv/prep ](literary)退缩，畏缩

He shrank back against the wall as he heard them approaching.
听到他们朝这边来，他退缩到了墙根。

shrink from (sth)
/ʃrɪŋk frɒm/ 逃避，躲避（令人不快或困难的事）

We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation.
我们向他们清楚地表明，我们不会畏避[ wèi bì ]交锋。

look into (sth)
/lʊk ˈɪntu/ 调查，研究

He had once looked into buying his own island off Nova Scotia.
他曾经考虑过在新斯科舍省（加拿大省名）沿海购买属于自己的小岛。

investigation
/ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/ n.[ C or U ]（对犯罪，问题，陈述等的）调查（尤指为了发现真相）

Further investigation is clearly warranted.
进一步调查显然是必要的。

shipwreck
/ˈʃɪprek/ n.[ C or U ](also wreck)（尤指触礁导致的）船只失事，海难；失事船只，沉船

They narrowly escaped shipwreck in a storm in the North Sea.
他们在北海遇到风暴，船险些失事。

archaeological
/ˌɑːkɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj.(US also archeological)考古学的；和考古有关的

These archaeological findings are part of the national patrimony.
这些考古发现属于国家文物。

coral
/ˈkɒrəl/ n.[ U ]珊瑚[shān hú]

Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate.
珊瑚虽然看上去坚固，实际上非常易碎。

millimetre
/ˈmɪlɪˌmiːtə/ n.[ C ](UK)(US millimeter)毫米

A millimetre is a metric unit of length that is equal to a tenth of a centimeter or a thousandth of a meter.
毫米是公制长度单位，等于十分之一厘米或千分之一米。

upwards
/ˈʌpwədz/ adv.(mainly UK)(US usually upward)向上地

We may have to revise this figure upwards.
我们也许要将这个数字往上调一调（修改一下）。

trench
/trentʃ/ n.[ C ]壕沟；沟渠

A trench is a long, narrow channel that is cut into the ground, for example, in order to lay pipes or get rid of water.
壕沟是一条长而窄的沟渠，例如，为了铺设管道或排水，将壕沟切割到地下。

equivalent
/ɪˈkwɪv(ə)lənt/ adj.等值的；相等的；等同的

If they want to change an item in the budget, they will have to propose equivalent cuts elsewhere.
如果他们想要改变预算中的一个款项，必须得提出其他等值的削减。

stack
/stæk/ v.[ T ]把…放成整齐的一摞；把…码成堆

Mrs. Cathiard was stacking the clean bottles in crates.
卡提亚夫人当时正在把干净的瓶子堆放到板条箱里。

furthermore
/ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː/ adv.(formal)此外，而且

Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completely ineffective.
此外，他们还声称任何此类干涉都是完全无效的。

notable
/ˈnəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的

His eyes are his most notable feature.
他的双眼是他最显著的特征。

substance
/ˈsʌbstəns/ n.[ C or U ]物质；材料

A substance is a solid, powder, liquid, or gas with particular properties.
物质是具有特殊性质的固体、粉末、液体或气体。

vessel
/ˈves(ə)l/ n.[ C ](formal)（船，舰等）水运工具

A vessel is a ship or large boat.
（船，舰等）水运工具就是轮船或大尺寸的艇。

drilling
/drɪlɪŋ/ n.[动词 drill 的动名词形式]（尤指进行军事）训练，练习

The Marines carried out landing exercises in a drill that includes 18 ships and 90 aircraft (单复同形).
海军陆战队在一场共有18艘军舰和90架飞机参与其中的军事军事训练中进行了登陆演习。

volume
/ˈvɒljuːm/ n.[ C ]卷；册

A volume is one book in a series of books.
卷是一系列书籍中的一本书。

correspond to
/ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd tu/ （仔细地比较）符合于……

The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said.
对交谈所作的文字记录与原话不符。

apply (sth) to
/əˈplaɪ tu/ 把……应用于……

The new technology was applied to farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。

on top of
/ɒn tɒp əv/ 在……之上

Her hair was coiled on top of her head.
她把头发盘在头顶上。

all the more
/ɔːl ðə mɔː(r)/ 更加，越发，格外

The living room is decorated in pale colours that make it all the more airy.
起居室装饰成淡雅的颜色，显得更加宽敞明亮。

at something's(somebody's) peak
/æt ˈsʌmθɪŋz piːk/ 处于某件事的峰值（处于某个人的峰值）

She is at her peak.
她正处于巅峰时期。

set sail
/set seɪl/ 启航，开船

He loaded his vessel with another cargo and set sail.
他给自己的船装上另一批货后便启航了。

continue to do
/kənˈtɪnjuː tu duː/ 继续做...

It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.
认为经济将继续好转是有道理的。

offer a window into
/ˈɒfə(r) ə ˈwɪndəʊ ˈɪntu/ 提供一个窗口

Social networks offer a window into how people live their lives.
社交网络为了解人们的生活提供了一个窗口。

be equivalent to
/biː ɪˈkwɪvələnt tu/ 等于，相当于

Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
八公里约等于五英里。

hold a record
/həʊld ə ˈrekɔːd/ 保持一项纪录

She holds a world record in this competition.
她在这项比赛中保持着一项世界纪录。

beyond the reach of (sb)
/bɪˈjɒnd ðə riːtʃ əv/ 超出……的能力

The shot was well beyond the reach of the goalkeeper.
这次射门使守门员鞭长莫及。

final frontier
/ˈfaɪnl ˈfrʌntɪə(r)/ 最后的边界

Marriage is the final frontier.
婚姻是最后的边界。