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专题十一 虚拟语气 (例句分布p119--126)
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● 第 118 页 ●



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If we/you had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.

(如果我们/你们再伃细一些)这样的错误本来是能够避免的。

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But for your advice, I would have failed.

如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。

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If you hadn't given me advice, I would have failed.

如果不是你的建议,我会失败的。

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If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.

如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格。

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Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.

如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格。

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If I were you, I would apply for the job.

如果我是你,我会申请那份工作的。

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Were I you, I would apply for the job.

如果我是你,我会申请那份工作的。

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If she should come tomorrow, I would treat her to a big meal.

如果她明天来的话,我请她吃大餐。

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Should she come tomorrow, I would treat her to a big meal.

如果她明天来的话,我请她吃大餐。

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I sincerely wished that I might do something to comfort him.

我诚恳地希望能做点什么来安慰他。

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How I wish every family had a large house with a bcautiful garden.

我多么希望每一个家庭都拥有一个带漂亮花园的大房子啊。

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I wish you had let me know earlier.

我倒希望你早点让我知道。

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I'd rather you came tomorrow than today.

我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天。

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I'd rather we had a rest now.

我希望我们现在休息一下。

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Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.

虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚,她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。

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My father suggests that I (should) take enough sleep before the final examination.

爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足。

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The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be blown up.

司令下令把桥炸毁。

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The smile on her face suggests that she agrees with me.

她脸上的笑容表明她同意我的意见。

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The boy insisted that he hadn't broken the window.

男孩坚持说他没有打碎窗户。

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It is important that we (should) think before we decide.

三思而后行是非常重要的。

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● 语法阅读 第118页-34 ●



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Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a shiny/shining object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.

去年 10 月,莉娜·帕尔森 (Lena Pahlsson) 在瑞典莫拉 (Mora) 照料她的花园时,掏出一把小胡萝卜,准备扔掉。 但有什么东西让她看得更近,她注意到一个闪亮的物体。 是的,在一根小胡萝卜的叶子下面是她失散已久的结婚戒指。


Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. "She thought I had hurt myself," says Pahlsson.

帕尔森大声尖叫,以至于她的女儿从房子里跑了出来。 “她认为我伤害了自己,”Pahlsson 说。


Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters——then ten, eight, and six——had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. "I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.

十六年前,Pahlsson 取下钻戒来做饭。 当她想稍后再戴上戒指时,戒指不见了。 她怀疑她的三个女儿中的一个——然后是十个、八个和六个——捡到了它,但女孩们说她们没有。 帕尔森和她的丈夫搜查了厨房,检查了每个角落,但什么也没找到。 “我放弃了再次找到我的戒指的希望,”她说。 她从来没有换过它。


Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.

Pahlsson 和她的丈夫现在认为这枚戒指可能被扫进了一堆厨房垃圾并散布在花园里,直到胡萝卜的绿叶顶部不小心从里面发芽。 对于 Pahlsson 来说,它的回归是一个奇迹。

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语法书 第 118 页

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● 第 119 页 ●



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It is necessary that you (should) take plenty of exercise every day.

每天进行大量的锻烁是必要的。

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It is strange that he (should) be so rude.

真奇怪,他竞然这么粗鲁。

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It seems unthinkable that you (should) make such a mistake.

你竟然犯这样的错误,真是不可思议。

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It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language and the IT course.

要求学生必须学一门外语和IT课程。

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It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed.

有人建议应推迟这项计划。

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My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.

我的建议是,我们应当尽量削减生产,减少制造和购买物品的数量。

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Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?

你知道让你站岗的命令吗?

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Don't handle the glass as if it were made of steel.

不要这么拿着这个玻璃杯,就好像它是钢制成的似的。

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She talked about the novel as though she had really read it.

她谈论那部小说就好像她确实看过一样。

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It looks as if it might rain.

看起来要下雨。

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It looks as if it is going to rain.

看起来要下雨。

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Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.

即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

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Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.

即使我当时很忙,我还是会帮助你的。

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If only I were younger.

我要是年轻一些就好了。

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If only she would listen to me carefully.

但愿她能仔细听我讲话。

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If only I had written his phone number.

如果我记下他的电话就好了。

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Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did something instead of just talking.

杰克是一个大空谈家,到他该做事情而不是空谈的时候了。

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In my opinion, it is about time we had new computers.

在我看来,我们该拥有新的电脑了。

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It's high time that you should get a job and set up home.

你该找份工作,安个家了。

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What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had a good time together.

多么遗憾!你错过了这次游览。否则,我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。

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语法书 第 119 页

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● 第 120 页 ●



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The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.

工人们没有被组织好,否则的话他们会用那一半的时间完成任务的。

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The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

他说,研究传统应该与实践相结合,否则,传统的再创造就会是又空又假。

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Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you (should) apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.

知道你热衷于中国文化,我建议你申报北京大学,它是中国最好的大学之一。

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Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。

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Do you have Betty's phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.

你有贝蒂的电话号码吗? 有,否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。

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If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened.

如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。

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If it had not been for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.

要不是那天他邀请我,我现在就不会在这里了。

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Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths wouldn't have fallen since their highest in 2005.

要是没有政府和科学家的合作,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。

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Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had told me, I could have helped.

你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢? 如果你告诉了我,我就可能帮你了。

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I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured.

我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话,我会受伤的。

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It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now.

很幸运,我们预订了一个房间,否则,我们现在就没有地方可以住了。

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Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

如果没有战时经历的话, 海明威就不会写出他著名的小说《永别了,武器》。

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If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes. I wouldn't have believed it.

如果不是我亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。

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I wish I had been at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出差。

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Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.

艾伦是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。

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It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.

要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。

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It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the schedule.

要是我知道安排的话,我可能会省一些事儿。

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They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would have come to our help.

我们在做调查的那几个月, 他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。

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People are recycling many things which they would have thrown away in the past.

人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。

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It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?

是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话?

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语法书 第 120 页

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● 第 121 页 ●



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I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.

我希望我是一只小鸟,能够在蓝天上自由飞翔。

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Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

对不起,我现在太忙了。如果我有时间,一定会跟你去远足。

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Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那里,她就不能经常见到父母了。

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We would have called a taxi yesterday if Tom hadn't picked us up.

昨天如果汤姆不让我们搭便车的话,我们就会叫出租车了。

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My English teacher treats me as if I were his own child.

我的英语老师对待我好像我是他自己的孩子。

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The committee rejected the suggestion that houses be built on this site.

委员会拒绝了在该地点建造房屋的建议。

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If he had invited me to his birthday party yesterday, I would have come.

如果他昨天邀请我参加他的生日聚会,我就来了。

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The match is on its way. We would put John's name on the race list but for his recent injury.

比赛马上就要开始了。要不是约翰最近受了伤,我们就把他的名字列入比赛名单了。

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The doctor suggests that he be operated on at once.

医生建议马上给他动手术。

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I wish I could study in my dream university in four months.

我希望我可以在四个月后在我梦想的大学学习。

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I suggest that we tell them we want them to trust us as much as we'd like to trust them.

我建议我们告诉他们,我们希望他们像我们想要信任他们一样信任我们。

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He speaks as if he were a witness.

他说起话来好像是个证人。

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If Li Lin had arrived earlier yesterday, I would have asked him not to do that.

如果李林昨天来得早一点,我就会叫他不要那样做了。

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I would have read the book last night, but I was busy then.

昨天晚上我本想看这本书的,但当时我很忙。

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I would rather you told me the truth.

我宁愿你告诉我真相。

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It was President Xi Jinping who visited the navy troops on April 19 and urged that naval force (should) be strengthened.

是习近平主席在4月19号参观了海军,要求加强海军的力量。

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How come you have failed again? Were I you, I would have passed it the first time.

你怎么又失败了? 如果我是你, 第一次就通过了。

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If I had devoted more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

如果我把更多的精力投入到学习上,而不是痴迷于网络游戏,我现在就会坐在一个舒适的办公室里。

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Did you pass your driving test? Yes, otherwise I wouldn't drive to the picnic next month.

你通过驾驶考试了吗?是的,否则我下个月就不会开车去野餐了。

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What happened to the young trees we planted last week? The trees would/could have grown well but I didn't water them.

我们上周种的小树怎么样了?这些树本来可以长得很好,但我没有给它们浇水。

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语法书 第 121 页

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● 第 122 页 ●



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You might feel as if you were in a fairy tale.

你可能感觉好像身处童话之中。

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I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first (should) go to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.

我非常高兴,刚要接受她的提议,这时她建议我们先去西湖游览断桥。

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It is high time that you considered/should consider that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.

(早)该是考虑一下,如果你生活中没有压力,你会有一点点收获,的时候了。

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It seems that people are becoming more and more selfish. How much happier life would be if we were to return to the values of the past!

人们似乎变得越来越自私了。如果我们回到过去的价值观,生活会多么幸福啊!

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What a sunny day today! Yeah! But how I wish the sky were as blue and clear as it is today forever!

今天天气真好! 是啊。我多么希望天空永远和今天一样晴朗啊!

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I would rather my daughter worked as a teacher but she prefers to be a doctor.

我宁愿我的女儿当老师,但她更喜欢当医生。

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She would be much healthier now had she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.

要不是她年轻时在工作上给自己施加那么大压力,现在她的身体会好得多。

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We often hear that children wish they were grown-ups, and that old people wish to be young.

我们经常听说孩子们希望长大,而老人们希望年轻。

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The old lady insisted that the young man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.

那位老太太坚持说那个年轻人偷了她的钱包并坚持要把他带到警局。

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My parents are talking about their school days as if they were back at school.

我的父母正在谈论他们的学生时代,就好像他们回到了学校一样。

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They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

他们本该午饭时到达,但航班推迟了。

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Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

对不起,我现在太忙了。如果我有时间,我一定和你们去郊游。

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If my car had been more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

如果我的车更可靠一些,去年夏天我就开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机了。

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We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?

我们本来可以一起面对困难的,但你为什么不告诉我呢?

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Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.

不要拿这花瓶好像它是钢做的。

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We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.

如果哈罗德昨天不送我们回家,我们就叫出租车了。

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If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.

如果我们没有做好充分的准备,会议不会这么成功。

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We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.

我们在那个小村庄迷路了,否则我们昨天会去更多的名胜。

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Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.

如果他们知道接下来会发生什么,他们可能会重新考虑。

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If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.

如果他们知道接下来会发生什么,他们可能会重新考虑。

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● 语法阅读 第122页-35 ●



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Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they were the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins first place in the exams while Peter doesn't. How ever, people believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.

汤姆和彼得是双胞胎。 他们看起来好像是同一个人。 两个男孩都很聪明,但汤姆很努力,而彼得很懒。 汤姆总是在考试中获得第一名,而彼得却没有。 然而,人们相信,如果彼得像汤姆一样努力工作,他的书房就会和他的兄弟一样好。


At home, their parents suggest that they (should) finish their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it is OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.

在家里,他们的父母建议他们(应该)在玩电脑游戏之前完成他们的作业。 但彼得坚持说,只要能按时交作业,先玩游戏是可以的。 他们的母亲最终妥协了。


One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he struck out Tom's name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.

一天,汤姆在做作业时发现自己犯了一个严重的错误。 于是他把练习本放在一边,用了另一本。 彼得找到之前的练习本后,就划掉了汤姆的名字,高兴地在封面上签了名,第二天就把它作为自己的作业交给了。


When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter, "How I wish you were as diligent as your brother! Now it's time that I gave/should give you a good lesson. And you mustn't play any computer games for a month!"

老师把真相告诉双胞胎妈妈时,她非常生气,对彼得大吼:“我多么希望你能像你哥哥一样勤奋!现在是我给/应该好好教训你的时候了。你必须 一个月不玩电脑游戏!”


"Oh, no! Mom. Without a computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you asked me to do the dishes for a month alone." Peter was upset.

“哦,不!妈妈。这么长时间没有电脑,我会死的。我宁愿你让我独自洗碗一个月。” 彼得很生气。


"If you had finished your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn't be punished now," said the mother.

“如果你昨天按时完成作业,现在就不会受到惩罚了,”妈妈说。

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语法书 第 122 页

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● 第 123 页 ●



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Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined. I wish they weren't always late.

孩子们在哪里?晚餐会彻底毁了。我希望他们不要总是迟到。

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Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

也许如果我学的是科学,而不是文学,我就能给你更多的帮助。

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I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

我本可以早点来,但我真不知道他们在等我。

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Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you should have done it as yesterday was the deadline.

对不起,史密斯教授。我昨天没有完成作业。哦,你应该完成的,因为昨天是最后期限。

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Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I would have attended it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

真遗憾你错过了关于核污染的讲座。我本来要参加的,但我当时正忙着准备工作面试。

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I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.

没有你的慷慨帮助,我不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。

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We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

要不是因为他最近受伤,我们就把约翰的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中了。

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If he had followed my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

如果他听从了我的建议,他就不会丢掉工作。

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John went to the hospital alone. If he had told me about it, I would have gone with him.

约翰一个人去了医院。如果他告诉我这件事,我就和他一起去了。

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George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.

乔治将谈论他的国家的地理,但我宁愿他更多地关注它的文化。

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If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

如果我们走另一条路,我们就能及时赶到开会了。

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The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables wouldn't have died.

天气一直非常炎热和干燥。是的。即使下过一滴雨,现在情况也会好得多!我的蔬菜就不会死。

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Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.

如果我知道这个电脑程序,就会节省大量的时间和精力。

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If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.

如果我知道这个电脑程序,就会节省大量的时间和精力。

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I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.

我把手提包落在火车上了,但幸运的是有人把它交给了一位铁路官员。把它拿回来真是难以置信!我是说,可能有人偷了它。

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I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You should have told her last week.

我明天将告诉玛丽她的新工作。你应该上周就告诉她的。

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But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

要不是我英语老师的帮助,我就不会在这次英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。

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What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better.

太遗憾了!鉴于他的能力和经验,他本可以做得更好。

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Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.

伊莉莎清楚地记得每一件事,仿佛它是昨天发生的一样。

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He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.

他买了张票,他本来可以免费入场的。

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● 第 124 页 ●



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He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

他不后悔他说的话,但他觉得本可用另一种方式表达。

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This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

这台打印机质量很好。如果在第一年内发生故障,我们将承担修理费用。

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Despite the fact that Lucy is a lovely girl, she can be extremely difficult to get along with sometimes.

尽管露西是个可爱的女孩,但是有些时候她很难相处。

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If my mother had known I stayed up in the net bar last night, her heart would have been broken.

如果妈妈知道我昨晚通宵上网,她会心碎的。

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She did not take the advice that she shouldn't travel at rush hour, so she got lost.

她没有听从不应该在高峰时间出行的建议,所以她迷路了。

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It is unfair that so nice a person like Jenny should lose her job.

像珍妮这么好的一个人竞然会丢掉工作,真是太不公平了。

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If I had said sorry to him yesterday, he wouldn't be angry now.

如果我昨天给他道歉,他今天就不会生气了。

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I picked up the book from a second-hand bookshop if you must know.

如果你一定要知道的话,我是在一家二手书书店买的这本书。

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Attention, please! It's high time we started to work.

请注意!现在是我们大家开始工作的时候了。

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He speaks as if he had seen it with his own eyes.

他说起来好像是他真的亲眼见过似的。

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When we reached the cinema, the film had still not begun, so we needn't have hurried.

我们到达电影院的时候,电影尚未开始,所以我们本没有必要匆匆忙忙的。

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Were it not for the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

要不是因为云彩,你们就能很容易地看到天空中的飞机了。

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This woman has set a good example to her son, who is a really lucky guy.

这位女士为她的儿子树立了一个好的榜样,她的儿子是一个非常幸运的人。

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Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice, whose way of talking about people inspired me.

这些年来,我遇到了一些有趣的人。其中两个最有趣的人是两个年长的姐姐,琼和伯妮斯,她们谈论人的方式启发了我。

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So we went inside a small shop, where I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food. I was happy that the sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory, safe.

于是我们进了一家小商店,在那里我可以清楚地看到地板上的沙子,并买了一些食物。我很高兴沙尘暴后来停止了,我们终于安全地回到了我们的工厂。

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The shelter, which is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok's night market, has become an attraction itself.

这个庇护所是为曼谷夜市成千上万的商人和购物者设计的,它本身已经成为一个景点。

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The old man turned his business over to his younger son, which made his elder son discouraged.

那个老人把生意交给了小儿子,这使他的大儿子很沮丧。

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Water which/that is used for drinking must be clean.

作为饮用的水必须干净。

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Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.

水是一种清澈的液体,有多种用途。

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He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

不犯错误的人一事无成。

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● 语法阅读 第124页-36 ●



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Religion was very important in Greek life. Temples were the major buildings in Greek cities. The Greeks thought that 12 main gods lived on Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. One of these was Zeus, who was the chief god and father of the gods. The Greeks believed that the spirits of most people went to an underworld ruled by the god Hades, regardless of what the people had done in life. Greeks performed rituals to please the gods. Rituals are religious ceremonies. The Greek rituals combined prayers with gifts to the gods. The Greeks also held festivals to honor the gods and goddesses. Athletic games often took place at the festivals. All Greeks were invited to these games. The first games of this kind were held at the Olympic festival in 776 B.C..

宗教在希腊人的生活中非常重要。 神庙是希腊城市的主要建筑。 希腊人认为12位主神住在希腊最高的奥林匹斯山上。 其中之一是宙斯,他是众神之父和主神。 希腊人相信大多数人的灵魂都会进入由冥王哈迪斯统治的冥界,不管人们在生活中做了什么。 希腊人举行仪式以取悦众神。 仪式是宗教仪式。 希腊的仪式将祈祷与对神灵的礼物相结合。 希腊人还举行节日来纪念众神和女神。 体育比赛经常在节日期间举行。 所有希腊人都被邀请参加这些比赛。 此类运动会在公元前 776 年的奥林匹克节上举行。


The Greeks used Oracles to learn the will of the gods. An oracle was a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or priestess. The most famous was the oracle of the god Apollo at Delphi. Many people traveled to Delphi to consult the oracle of Apollo.

希腊人使用神谕来了解众神的意志。 神谕是神明或女神通过祭司或女祭司揭示未来的神圣圣地。 最著名的是德尔斐神阿波罗的神谕。 许多人前往德尔斐咨询阿波罗的神谕。

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语法书 第 124 页

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