参考答案 - 选修第三册第三单元
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Reading and Writing
① Look at the title and the pictures below and decide what you think the text is about.
② Read the text and complete the table.
SMALL WASTE, BIG PROBLEM
Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter. After all, if it is so small, it cannot possibly be that harmful, can it? In today's world, the answer is certainly "Yes it can!" With the growing use of plastic bags and the rising number of smokers, there is more litter being produced than ever before.
Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Worldwide, about 4.3 trillion cigarette butts are littered every year. As well as spoiling the beauty of the environment, they contain toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they affect water quality and endanger plants and animals. Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down, and the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount with so many littered. So, if people want to smoke, they should dispose of the butts properly in a rubbish bin.
Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment. They are easily blown by wind and float in water, so they can travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches, and oceans, killing many birds, mammals, fish, and sea animals each year worldwide. They can last for hundreds of years in the environment. We should not let plastic bags become litter. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle what we have already used. One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them. Shops used to give plastic bags for free. But in some countries, including China, customers are now charged for each bag. Some shops also have a "bag-for-life" scheme. They sell stronger bags that can be reused, and they replace them for free if the bags ever break.
Waste is a big problem for the environment, so we need to do something. Not littering at all or cleaning up "small waste" saves money spent on disposing of litter properly. However, it would be better not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.
Paragraph; Main Idea; Important Details
1 Small pieces of litter can be harmful.
plastic bags and litter from smokers increased
2
3
4
③ Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1 What does the title mean? Can you name some other small pieces of trash?
2 What are the effective solutions of the problems?
3 Imagine you are a leader of your community, what proposals would you put forward to prove the environment?
④ Work in groups. Make a poster about the use of plastic bags or littering.
1 Think about what information you will put on the poster and what message you want to
convey.
2 Decide the essential parts of your poster: headline, body, and signature. Make sure your headline attracts the readers' attention and your message is clear and impressive.
3 Choose a few good pictures for your poster.
4 Present your poster to the class or put it up in the classroom.
*⑤ Write an assessment of what is being done to control the "small waste" problem.
1 Think about the measures that have been taken to deal with the "small waste" problem in
your local community and in the country overall.
2 Surf the Internet and find more facts about the measures taken to strengthen your assessment.
3 Consider the following questions when forming your argument:
● Do you think the measures have been effective? Why or why not?
● What are the benefits of the measures? What are the disadvantages?
4 Write your assessment of the measures taken.
5 Present your assessment to the class or display it in the classroom.
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第三单元 环境保护
Suggested Answers
Activity 1
I think the text is about waste and the oceans and what a big problem it is.
Activity 2
Paragraph
Main idea
Important details
2.Cigarette buts are bad for the environment.
3.Plastic bags are bad for the environment.
4.To deal with the problem of waste
2.Buts are small but there are trillions of them. They contain toxic chemicals and take 25 years to decompose.
3.Plastic bags are easily blown by wind and carried by water, so they find way to rivers, oceans, parks, beaches and kill birds, mammals, fish, and sea animals. They can last for hundreds of years. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle them. Some shops charge for bags and have a "bag-for-life" scheme.
4.Cleaning up "small waste" saves money but it's best not to litter or use these things at all.
Activity 3
1 The title means that although each piece of waste is small, lots of it together is causing big problems. Other small litter items include chewing gum, packaging from things such as sweets, snacks, and sandwiches, lids from bottles and cans, disposable cutlery, and bathroom items such as razors and cotton buds.
2 The effective solutions are to reduce the use of these things, dispose of them properly, and reuse and recycle them whenever possible.
3 If I was a community leader, I would first put forward a proposal to educate the community about the waste problem. I would talk to businesses about the items they sell and encourage them and the community to use items that could be reused or recycled easily. Then I would make sure there were plenty of places to dispose of waste correctly.
Activity 4
Say No to Plastic Bags!
● Many plastic bags end up in rivers and the sea.
● They kill fish and other sea creatures.
● Plastic gets into our food.
Together we can solve this problem:
● Reuse plastic bags again and again!
● Put all bags in the recycling bin!
● Take a reusable bag with you everywhere!
From Group 1, Class 2
Activity 5
Sample Writing
Several measures have been taken to deal with the "small waste" problem of cigarette butts in our community. Our streets now have many special small bins for putting cigarette butts
in. Drains have special small grills to stop cigarette butts getting into the water system. They can both be cleaned easily. I think the measures have been effective, but still more can be done. The benefits of the measures are that they make it easier to dispose of butts and collect them. The disadvantages are that they don't stop the problem, as cigarettes still get smoked, and butts produced. Our assessment is that the measures were effective, but smokers need to be educated more about why not to drop their butts and to dispose of them properly.
