必修三册第一单元阅读讲解

必修三册第一单元第04页阅读讲解

WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS?
我们为什么庆祝节日？

Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
世界各地都庆祝各种节日。节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重大事件。每个节日都有它不同的风俗和独特的魅力。然而，无论节日多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。

wide adjective (AMOUNT)
used to describe something that includes a large amount or many different types of thing, or that covers a large range or area
范围广阔的；广泛的

range noun (SET)[ C ]
a set of similar things
（一）批；（一）类；（一）系列

origin [ C ]
(also origins)
the beginning or cause of something
起源，源头；起因

such as
for example
例如，比如

figure noun [C] (SHAPE)
the shape of the human body, or a person
外形，轮廓；人影

custom /ˈkʌs.təm/ noun (USUAL WAY)
[ C or U ]
a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time
风俗，习俗；传统

established adjective (ACCEPTED)
accepted or respected because of having existed for a long period of time
（因长期存在而）已确立的；被承认的；既定的

charm noun (ATTRACTION)
[ C or U ]
a quality that makes you like or feel attracted to someone or something
魅力；吸引力

may modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility
（表示“推测”可能性）可能，也许

gratitude (also gratefulness)
the feeling or quality of being grateful
感激之情，感谢

common adjective (SHARED)
belonging to or shared by two or more people, or things
共同的；共有的

Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化之中。这一重大的农业节日在庄家全部收割后来临。人们举行庆祝活动，对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。在古埃及，人们于春季（即埃及的丰收季）庆祝丰收节。庆祝活动主要是游行和丰盛的筵席，载歌载舞，并伴有体育活动。如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，聚在一起共享大餐，以示庆祝。在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。

harvest noun [ C or U ]
the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields, or the activity of cutting and collecting them, or the crops that are cut and collected
收获时节；收割，收获；收成

can modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility
（表示“理论上的”可能性）可以，能，会

gather verb (COLLECT) [ T ]
to collect several things, often from different places or people
收集，搜集；聚集，集拢

in adverb (COMPLETION /kəmˈpliː.ʃən/ )
used to refer to an activity that makes something complete
（表示完成某事物的活动）

grateful adjective
showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person
（尤指对其他人）感激的，表示感谢的

supply noun[ C or U ]
an amount of something that is available for use
供应量，供给量

springtime noun [ U ]
the season of spring
春季

此处的代词 It 指代 celebrating the harvest festival

feature verb [ I + adv/prep, T ]
to include someone or something as an important part
以…为特色；给…以显著的地位

town hall noun [C] (BUILDING)
a building in which local government officials and employees work and have meetings
镇公所；市政厅

employee noun [ C ]
someone who is paid to work for someone else
受雇者，雇员，员工

get together(MEET)
If two or more people get together, they meet each other, having arranged it before.
会面；聚会，相聚

over 包含如下两个语义
1.preposition (DURING)
during something, or while doing something
在…期间
2.preposition (USING)
using
用

gather verb (COME TOGETHER)[ I ]
When people or animals gather, they come together in a group.
聚集；集合

admire verb [ T ]
to find someone or something attractive and pleasant to look at
欣赏；羡慕

Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time.With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins.
风俗在节日中扮演重要角色，但有时也随时间而变化。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，有些传统会渐渐消失，而另一些传统则得以建立。中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱鬼神、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。如今，为了避免空气污染，许多大城市已经摒弃了这一风俗。另一个例子是万圣节，虽然起源于宗教，万圣节渐渐成了孩子们纵情玩乐的一个节日。

over time (= as time passes) 随着时间的推移（流逝）

with preposition (TIME)
at the same rate(速度) or time as something
随着

spread noun (AREA COVERED)[ S ]
the development or growth of something so that it covers a larger area or affects a larger number of people
扩散，蔓延

affect /əˈfekt/ verb [T] (INFLUENCE)
to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause a change in someone or something
影响；侵袭；感染；打动

may modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility
（表示“推测”可能性）可能，也许

fade away
to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker
逐渐消失；变得无足轻重；变弱

typical adjective
showing all the characteristics[特色，特点，特征] that you would usually expect[预料，预计；期待] from a particular group of things
典型的，有代表性的

light verb (START FLAMES[火焰])[ I or T ]
to start to burn or to make something start to burn
点燃，点火

drive verb (FORCE)[ T ]
to force someone or something to go somewhere or do something
驱赶，赶走；迫使，驱使

evil /ˈiː.vəl/ noun [ C or U ]
something that is very bad and harmful
邪恶（之事）；罪恶（行为）；祸害；灾祸

spirit noun (NOT BODY)[ C ]
the form of a dead person, similar to a ghost, or the feeling that a dead person is present although you cannot see them
鬼魂，幽灵

present /ˈprez.ənt/ adjective (IN A PLACE)
[ after verb ]
in a particular place
出席的，在场的，存在的

in spite of sth
(used before one fact that makes another fact surprising) despite
尽管；不顾，不管

despite preposition
without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented[妨碍] by
不管；尽管；无论

Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。尽管有人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于（提高）经济和公众幸福感。

advantage noun [ C or U ]
a condition giving a greater chance of success
有利条件，有利因素；优势；好处

take advantage of sth
to use the good things in a situation
利用；利用…的机会

medium noun [C] (METHOD)
plural media mediums
a method or way of expressing something
媒介；方法，手段

the media [ S, + sing/pl verb ]
the internet, newspapers, magazines, television, etc., considered as a group
大众传播媒介，媒体

others [ plural ]
more ones
别的，其他的

increase /ˈɪn.kriːs/ noun [ C or U ]
a rise in the amount or size of something
（数量或尺寸）增加；增长

Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
节日是社会的一个重要组成部分。节日反映了人类的愿望、信仰、信念以及对生活的态度。节日是让我们放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时刻。节日让我们了解我们来自何方、我们是谁、我们应该感恩什么。此外，如果你仔细研究各种节日，你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。

reflect verb (SHOW) [ T ]
to show, express, or be a sign of something
显示；反映；表达

belief noun [ C or S or U ]
something that you believe
信仰；信念；看法

faith noun (RELIGION) [ U ]
strong belief in God or a particular religion
宗教信仰

occasion noun [ C ]
a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened
（尤指某事发生的）时刻，时候

a while
a length of time
一会儿；一段时间

I/we appreciate...
used when you are thanking someone or showing that you are grateful
我／我们对…非常感谢

may modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility
（表示“推测”可能性）可能，也许

common noun (SHARED)
have sth in common
to share interests, experiences, or other characteristics with someone or something
有相同（兴趣、经历或特点）

after all
used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true
毕竟

必修三册第一单元第08页阅读讲解

MY AMAZING NAADAM EXPERIENCE
我的那达慕大会奇妙经历

I experienced the Naadam Festival in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for the first time this year. The festival falls on the fourth day of the six month of the lunar calendar, usually lasting for three days. Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented by three events: horse racing, wresting, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch!
今年，我第一次体验了中国内蒙古自治区的那达慕大会。这一节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常持续三天。“那达慕”在蒙语中意为“游戏”，主要表现为三大赛事：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每项运动都动人心魄！

autonomous /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs/ adjective
independent and having the power to make your own decisions
自主的，有自主权的

fall verb (HAPPEN)[ I ]
to come at a particular time or happen in a particular place
落，降临；发生

represent verb (DESCRIBE) [ T ]
to show or describe something or someone
表现；展现；描绘；描述

On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin. I saw a lot of people wearing fancy Mongolian robes. Some were feeding their horses, some were practising archery, and others were chatting or taking photographs. Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries.
（那达慕大会的）第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。我看到许多人身着华丽的蒙古袍。有的在喂马，有的在练习射箭，其他人则在聊天或拍照。布林告诉我说，与他们数百年前的祖先一样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这一节日。

set off/out
to start a journey
出发，启程

games [ plural ]
an organized competition consisting of several different sports events
运动会

fancy adjective (DECORATIVE)
decorative /ˈdek.ər.ə.t̬ɪv/ [装饰性的] or complicated /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ [复杂的]
装饰的；花哨的；繁复的

robe noun [ C ]
a long, loose piece of clothing worn especially on very formal occasions
长袍，罩袍；（尤指特别正式场合穿的）袍服，礼袍

travel verb [ I or T ]
to make a journey, usually over a long distance
（通常指长途）旅行

After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began. Mongolian wrestling is different from the wrestling in the Olympic Games. There are no rounds, and wrestlers are not separated by weight. The wrestlers loses if any part of his body above his knee touches the ground. After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles. I was quite moved by their show of strength and grace.
开幕式和几项精彩的表演之后，摔跤比赛开始了。蒙古式摔跤与奥运会的摔跤比赛有所不同：它不分局，摔跤手也不分体重级别。摔跤手膝盖以上的任何部位先着地者为负。几首歌唱毕，选手们开始在草地上翩翩起舞，他们挥动着双臂，宛如雄鹰。这刚与柔的展示深深地打动了我。

round noun [C] (COMPETITION PART)
a part of a competition
（比赛的）一轮，一场，一局

I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. At first, I was a little worried about the children's safety, but Burin said, “Don't worry. They've been riding horses all their lives. They'll be just fine.” That was the moment I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”. …
射箭同样令我叹为观止，但赛马才是我最喜爱的部分。然而，看到赛马选手们都是男孩和女孩，我十分惊讶！听说这是因为儿童体重更轻，马儿才能跑得更快、更远。刚开始的时候，我有点担心这些孩子的安全，但布林却说：“别担心,他们是在马背上长大的，不会有事的。我顿时明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”了。……

absolutely /ˌæb.səˈluːt.li/ adverb
used as a strong way of saying "yes"
（表示强烈赞同）一点不错，完全对

just adverb (ONLY)
used to make a statement or order stronger
（用于加强语气）就是，真是

I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and eat hot pot. I can't wait!
我现在已经回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但能和我的朋友一起庆祝那达慕，再累也是值得的。他邀请我冬天时再去住传统的蒙古包，吃火锅。我已经迫不及待了！

finally adverb (AFTER TIME)
after a long time or some difficulty
最后；终于

totally adverb
completely
彻底