选修二册第三单元阅读讲解

选修二册第三单元第26页阅读讲解

cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ noun [ U ]
a style of cooking[烹饪风格]
烹饪，烹调
CULTURE AND CUISINE
文化与美食

put verb (EXPRESS)
[ T usually + adv/prep ]
to express something in words
说，表述，表达

relate verb [T] (CONNECT)[ T ]
to find or show the connection between two or more things
找到联系；证明…有联系

refer /rɪˈfɜːr/ to sb/sth
to talk or write about someone or something, especially in only a few words
（尤指简短地）提到，谈及，谈起
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。

a case in point
an example that shows that what you are saying is true or helps to explain why you are saying it
佐证；例证

prior /praɪər/ adjective [before noun] (EARLIER)formal
existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time
在先的，在前的；居先的

prior [ˈpraɪə(r)] to sth
before a particular time or event
在…之前

taste /teɪst/ noun (FLAVOUR)[ C or U ]
the flavour of something, or the ability of a person or animal to recognize different flavours
味道；味觉

consist /kənˈsɪst/ of sth
to be made of or formed from something
由…组成，由…构成；包含

favour /ˈfeɪ.vər/ verb [ T ] UK (US favor)
to give an advantage to someone or something, in an unfair way
优惠；偏袒；偏爱；特别照顾

favour /ˈfeɪ.vər/ noun
[ C usually plural ]
an advantage that you give to someone, such as money or a good job, especially when this is unfair
特别照顾，优惠；偏爱；偏袒

hot adjective (SPICY[辛辣的])
used to describe food that causes a burning feeling in the mouth
（食品）辛辣的，辣的

authentic /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/ adjective
If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is.
真的；正宗的；真正的；可靠的；可信的

recipe /ˈres.ɪ.pi/ noun [ C ]
a set of instructions telling you how to prepare and cook food, including a list of what food is needed for this
食谱；烹饪法

bold /bəʊld/ adjective (BRAVE)
not frightened of danger
勇敢的，无畏的
Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, favoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe,however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple favours. And since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。

recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ verb [ T ]
to suggest that a particular action should be done
建议

peppercorn /ˈpep.ə.kɔːn/ noun [ C ]
a small, dried fruit that looks like a seed and is crushed[压碎] to produce pepper
胡椒粒
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired,hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物;那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。

serve /sɜːv/ verb (PROVIDE FOOD/DRINK)[ I or T ]
to provide food or drinks
提供（食物或饮料）

vinegar /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/ noun [ U ] a sharp-tasting[很酸的] liquid
醋

observe /əbˈzɜːv/ verb [T] (NOTICE)formal
to notice or see
注意到，觉察到；看到

affair /əˈfeər/ noun [C] (MATTER)
a situation[情况] or subject[问题] that is being dealt with or considered
事务；事情

stuff /stʌf/ verb (FILL)[ T ]
to completely fill a container with something
装满，填满，塞满

slice /slaɪs/ verb (CUT)[ T ]
to cut something into thin[薄的；细的], flat[扁平的] pieces
把…切成薄片
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物;包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。

Kazak[ka:'za:k]
n. 哈萨克人；哈萨克族

wander /ˈwɒn.dər/ verb (WALK)[ I or T ]
to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction
漫步；闲逛；游荡

range /reɪndʒ/ noun (LAND)
land for animals to feed on
牧场；牧区

roast /rəʊst/ verb (COOK)[ T or I ]
to cook food in an oven[/ˈʌv.ən/烤炉] or over a fire
烘；烤；焙

kebab /kɪˈbæb/ noun [ C ]
a shish[/ˈʃiːʃ/] kebab
烤肉串（同 shish kebab）
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.
随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串。

elegant [ˈelɪɡənt]adj.
精美的，雅致的

steamer[ˈstiːmə(r)]n.
汽锅，蒸锅

exceptional /ɪkˈsep.ʃən.əl/ adjective
much greater than usual
卓越的，杰出的

stew /stjuː/ verb[ T ]
to cook meat, fish, vegetables, or fruit slowly and gently in a little liquid
炖，煨，用文火煮

varied /ˈveə.rɪd/ adjective
containing or changing between several different things or types
各种各样的；形形色色的
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles In Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心—那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。

minimum /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm/ noun [ C usually singular ]
the smallest amount or number allowed or possible
最小值；最少量；最低限度

consume /kənˈsjuːm/ verb [T] (USE RESOURCE)formal
to eat or drink, especially a lot of something
（尤指大量地）吃，喝

lead /liːd/ verb (LIVE)
lead a busy, normal, quiet, etc. life
to live a particular type of life
过着忙碌／正常／宁静等的生活

spicy [ˈspaɪsi] adj.
加有香料的，辛辣的

tend /tend/ verb (BE LIKELY)[ I ]
to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic
倾向；易于；往往会

hot adjective (ANGRY)
hot temper
If someone has a hot temper, they are easily made angry.
脾气暴躁的，易怒的

go verb (HAPPEN)
[ I usually + adv/prep ]
to happen or be found regularly[经常地] or typically[典型地] with each other or another
与（…）同时存在；与（…）相伴而生

hand in hand
holding each other's hand
手牵手
At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。

选修二册第三单元第32页阅读讲解

HEALTHY EATING
健康饮食

insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ verb [ I ]
to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say
坚持说，强调；坚决要求

driver n.
驱动因素

as conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

calorie /ˈkæl.ər.i/ noun [C] (FOOD)
a unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides
卡，卡路里（测量食物所含热量的单位）

likely /ˈlaɪ.kli/ adjective
If something is likely, it will probably happen or is expected.
很可能的，可能要发生的

regardless /rɪˈɡɑːd.ləs/ adverb
despite; not being affected by something
不管怎样，无论如何；不管，不顾

regardless of [rɪˈɡɑːdləs əv]
不顾，不管
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。简单地说，当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。

cut out[ˈkʌt aʊt]
切断；删去；停止；关掉
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。

beyond /biˈjɒnd/ preposition, adverb (FURTHER AWAY)
further away in the distance (than something)
更远；远于

processed /ˈprəʊ.sest/ adjective
Processed food has had some sort of chemical or industrial treatment in order to cook it, preserve[贮存] it, or improve its taste or appearance.
（食品）经过特殊加工的；处理过的

ingredient /ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/ noun [ C ]
a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish
（食品的）成分，原料

dairy /ˈdeə.ri/ adjective
used to refer to cows that are used for producing milk, rather than meat, or to foods that are made from milk, such as cream, butter, and cheese
奶牛的；奶制品的，乳品的

diary /ˈdaɪə.ri/ noun [ C ]
a book in which you record your thoughts or feelings or what has happened each day
日记，日志

moderation noun [U] (REASONABLE LIMITS)
the quality of doing something within reasonable limits[限额；上限]
适度；适中；合理
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre,rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。

fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/ adjective
forming the base, from which everything else develops
基础的，基本的

consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ adjective (NOT CHANGING)
always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive way
一贯的；坚持的；始终如一的

modest /ˈmɒd.ɪst/ adjective (NOT LARGE)
not large in size or amount, or not expensive
不大（或多、贵）的；适中的
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少。

trick /trɪk/ noun [C] (METHOD)
an effective or quick way of doing something
诀窍，秘诀；技巧

rather /ˈrɑː.ðər/ adverb
used to express an opposite opinion
恰恰相反；而是

track[træk] n.
小道，小径；（移动的）路径，方向

up to preposition (RESPONSIBILITY)
be up to sb
to be the responsibility of someone
是（某人）的职责
There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet。
健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。