选修三册第四单元阅读讲解

选修三册第四单元第38页阅读讲解

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bitter /ˈbɪt.ər/ adjective (COLD)
Bitter weather is extremely cold, especially in a way that causes physical pain.
（天气）严寒的，刺骨的

constant /ˈkɒn.stənt/ adjective (FREQUENT)
happening a lot or all the time
经常发生的；连续发生的；连续不断的

frequent /ˈfriː.kwənt/ adjective
happening often
频繁发生的；常见的
MEN WANTED
for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.
——Ernest Shackleton
人员招募
这是一趟危险之旅:薪水微薄,气候严寒,数月不见天日,危险无处不在,无法确保安全归来。一旦成功,荣耀和回报将随之而来。
——欧内斯特·沙克尔顿

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A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
一次成功的失败

expedition /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/ noun (JOURNEY)[ C ]
1.an organized journey for a particular purpose
远征；探险，考察
2.the people, vehicles, animals, etc. taking part in an expedition
踏上征途的一批人（或车、动物等）；考察队；探险队

Sir[大写] /sɜːr/ noun
used as the title of a knight[naɪt 爵士] (= a man who has been given a rank of honour by a British king or queen), with a first name or with both first and family names, but never with just the family name
爵士（用于名前或姓名前，但不只跟姓连用）

Antarctica /ænˈtɑːk.tɪ.kə/ noun
the continent around the South Pole
南极（洲）

endurance /ɪnˈdʊr.əns/ noun [ U ]
the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time
忍耐力，耐受力

day /deɪ/ noun [ C ]
a period of 24 hours, especially from twelve o'clock one night to twelve o'clock the next night
一天，一日
the days
a period in history
时期；时代

diary /ˈdaɪə.ri/ noun [ C ]
a book in which you record your thoughts or feelings or what has happened each day
日记，日志

entry /ˈen.tri/ noun (INFORMATION)[ C ]
a separate piece of information that is recorded in a book, computer, etc.
项目；条目；（一则）记录
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honor to be part of his expeditions. Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.
1914年，珀西·布莱克博罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士组织的“坚忍号”南极探险活动。沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。

31 Oct,1914
1914年10月31日

happen /ˈhæp.ən/ verb [I] (CHANCE)
to do or be by chance
偶然，碰巧

Antarctic /ænˈtɑːrk.tɪk/ adjective
belonging or relating to Antarctica or the Antarctic[属于或与南极洲或南极地区有关]
南极的
Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。

fit /fɪt/ adjective (HEALTHY)
healthy and strong, especially as a result of exercise
健壮的，健康的

vigour /ˈvɪɡ.ɚ/ noun [ U ] UK (US vigor)
strength, energy, or enthusiasm[力量、精力或热情]
体力；精力；活力

apply /əˈplaɪ/ verb (REQUEST)[ I ]
to request[请求] something, usually officially[正式地], especially in writing or by sending in a form
（尤指通过书面或表格形式）申请，请求

turn sth/sb down
to refuse an offer or request[拒绝提议或请求]
拒绝（提议或请求）

qualified /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/ adjective (TRAINED)
having finished a training course, or having particular skills, etc.
有资格的；合格的，胜任的

enthusiastic /ɪnˌθuː.ziˈæs.tɪk/ adjective
showing enthusiasm[表现出热情]
热心的；热情的；热衷的

secretly /ˈsiː.krət.li/ adverb
in a way that people do not know or are not told about[以一种人们不知道或不被告知的方式]
秘密地；背地里；暗自地，私底下地

aboard /əˈbɔːrd/ adverb, preposition
on or onto a ship, aircraft, bus, or train
上船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车等）；在船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车等）上

set off/out
to start a journey
出发，启程

promise /ˈprɒm.ɪs/ verb (SAY CERTAINLY)[ I or T ]
to tell someone that you[（泛指）你，任何人] will certainly do something
允诺，答应；保证

assign /əˈsaɪn/ verb [T] (CHOOSE)[ often passive ]
to give a particular job or piece of work to someone
分配；分派；指派

steward /ˈstjuː.əd/ noun [ C ]
(female stewardess[ˈstuːərdəs 女服务员])
a person who serves passengers on a ship or aircraft
（轮船或飞机的）乘务员，服务员

serve /sɜːv/ verb (PROVIDE FOOD/DRINK)[ I or T ]
to provide food or drinks
提供（食物或饮料）
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton——this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigor. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, "If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!" He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。

envy /ˈen.vi/ verb [ T ]
to wish that you had something that another person has
羡慕；忌妒
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！

21 Nov,1915
1915年11月21日

stuck /stʌk/ adjective
unable to move, or set in a particular position, place, or way of thinking
动不了的；固定的；卡住的；（想法）摆脱不了的

as /æz/ conjunction (WHILE)
during the time that
当…时；在…的同时；随着

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ verb (COME NEAR)[ I or T ]
to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount
靠近；接近；临近

freeze /friːz/ verb (COLD) [ I or T ]
froze | frozen
If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C.
（使）冻结，（使）结冰

well and truly
completely
完全地

crush /krʌʃ/ verb (PRESS)[ T ]
to press something very hard so that it is broken or its shape is destroyed
压扁；压坏；压碎

sink /sɪŋk/ verb [ I or T ] (GO DOWN BELOW)
sank or US also sunk | sunk
to (cause something or someone to) go down below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid or soft substance
（使）沉没；（使）陷入
The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍号”卡在了冰里。四周的冰都冻住了，我们彻彻底底地被困住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。

stove /stəʊv/ noun [ C ]
UK mainly US
(UK usually cooker)
a large box-shaped device that is used to cook and heat food, either by putting the food inside or by putting it on the top
（用于烹饪的）炉灶

panic /ˈpæn.ɪk/ verb [ I or T ]
to suddenly feel so worried or frightened that you cannot think or behave calmly or reasonably[理智地]
（使）恐慌，（使）惊慌失措

belongings /bɪˈlɑːŋ.ɪŋz/ noun [ plural ]
the things that a person owns, especially those that can be carried
所有物；行李

throw /θrəʊ/ verb (SEND THROUGH AIR)[ I or T ]
threw | thrown
to send something through the air with force, especially by a sudden movement of the arm
投；抛；掷；扔

banjo /ˈbæn.dʒəʊ/ noun [ C ]
a stringed musical instrument with a long neck and a hollow[ˈhɒləʊ 空心的] circular body
班卓琴

up /ʌp/ adjective (HAPPY)
informal
feeling happy
快乐的； 高兴的
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies——the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品—小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。

survive /sɚˈvaɪv/ verb[ I or T ]
to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation
继续生存，存活；（尤指）幸存

melt /melt/ verb (BECOME LIQUID)[ I or T ]
to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid, or to cause something to do this
（使）融化；（使）熔化；（使）溶解
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。

20 May,1916
1916年5月20日

away /əˈweɪ/ adverb (DISTANT)
at a distance (of or from here)
（距此）…远

voyage /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/ noun [ C ]
a long journey, especially by ship
航海；航行

make it (to the top)
to be very successful
非常成功

navy /ˈneɪ.vi/ noun (SEA FORCE 海上武装部队)[ S, + sing/pl verb ]
the part of a country's armed forces that is trained to operate at sea
海军

operate /ˈɒp.ər.eɪt/ verb (WORK)[ I or T ]
to (cause to) work, be in action or have an effect
（使）工作，（使）运行；运作；操作；起作用
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia lsland, 1,320 kilometres away——the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。

low /ləʊ/ adjective (SAD)
unhappy
忧郁的，情绪低落的，消沉的

otherwise /ˈʌð.ə.waɪz/ adverb (NOT INCLUDING)
except for what has just been referred to
除此之外

decent /ˈdiː.sənt/ adjective
socially acceptable or good
正派的；体面的，正经的；像样的，相当不错的

cosy /ˈkəʊ.zi/ adjective (COMFORTABLE)
comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being small and warm
（尤指建筑物因为小及温暖而）温馨的，温暖舒适的，惬意的，安逸的

rush /rʌʃ/ noun[ S ]
the act of suddenly moving somewhere quickly
急速流动（或行进）；猛冲
I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes , a cosy bedroom , sunny days ,and my mother's face ... However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。

I shouted,"Shut the door!"
我吼道：“把门关上！”

hold on
to manage to stay alive or to deal with a difficult situation
坚持

go verb (BECOME)[ L only + adj ]
to become
变得，变成，成为

come verb (EXIST)[ I + adv/prep, not continuous ]
to exist or be available
存在，有；可得到，有供应

soup /suːp/ noun [ C or U ]
a usually hot, liquid food made from vegetables, meat, or fish
汤；羹
"Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom," came the reply. "We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!"
“坚持住，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆，”有人答道。“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！”

bless /bles/ verb [ T ]
to ask for God's help and protection for someone or something, or to call or make someone or something holy[ˈhəʊli 神圣的]
求上帝降福于；祝福；使神圣

after /ˈæf.tɚ/ preposition
following in time, place, or order
（时间、地点或顺序）在…之后；（一个）接着（一个）

could /kʊd/ modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility, especially slight or uncertain possibility
（尤用于表示微小或不确定的可能性）可以，能，也许

as /æz/ preposition
used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something
以…的身份；作为
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！

genuine /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/ adjective
If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears[əˈpɪə(r) 显现] to be.
真正的；非伪造的；名副其实的

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ noun (WORRY)[ C or U ]
a worried or nervous feeling about something, or something that makes you feel worried
担心；忧虑；挂念；忧虑的事情

perseverance /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/ noun [ U ]
continued effort[ˈefət 努力] and determination[dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn 毅力]
不屈不挠，坚持不懈

resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ noun [ U ] formal
strong determination[dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn 毅力]
决心；坚定的信念

fill /fɪl/ verb[ T ]
to make someone have a particular feeling
充满…的感觉
Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
要不是有弟兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。

Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
毕竞，我们也许还有机会回家。

选修三册第四单元第44页阅读讲解

THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
锲而不舍的回报

as /æz/ conjunction (WHILE)
during the time that
当…时；在…的同时；随着

away /əˈweɪ/ adverb (SOMEWHERE ELSE)
somewhere else, or to or in a different place, position, or situation
去（或在）别处；向另一方向；向一边

ever /ˈev.ər/ adverb (AT ANY TIME)
at any time
在任何时候；从来

ever /ˈev.ər/ adverb (EMPHASIS)
in questions, used to emphasize the question word
（用于疑问句中强调疑问词）究竟，到底

alone /əˈləʊn/ adjective [ after verb ], adverb
without other people
单独（的），独自（的）；孤独的（地），无伴的（地）

desperate /ˈdes.pər.ət/ adjective (RISKY[ˈrɪski 有风险的])
feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in
（因绝望而）拼命的，不顾一切的

up adjective (HAPPY)
informal
feeling happy
快乐的； 高兴的

cheer /tʃɪər/ (sb) up
If someone cheers up, or something cheers someone up, they start to feel happier.
（使）振作；（使）高兴起来
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? What if they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
我们看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离象岛。不难想象他们要面临的危险。他们会回来找到我们吗？他们会发生什么事呢？如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办？我们感到如此的孤独和绝望。不过，这种情绪并没有持续很久。没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更能让我们振作起来了。

fall /fɔːl/ verb (HAVE AN ACCIDENT)[ I ]
fell | fallen
to suddenly go down onto the ground or towards the ground without intending[打算] to or by accident
（突然）跌倒，摔落

regular /ˈreɡ.jə.lər/ adjective (EVEN a.变化不大的)
existing or happening repeatedly[重复地] in a fixed[固定的] pattern, with equal[相等的] or similar[相似的] amounts of space or time between one and the next; even[a.变化不大的]
定时的；固定的；有规律的；规则的；均匀的

ocean /ˈəʊ.ʃən/ noun[ S ]
a very large area of sea
海洋，大洋；大海

give /ɡɪv/ sth off
gave | given
to produce heat, light, a smell, or a gas
发出，放出（热、光、气味或气体）

oily /ˈɔɪ.li/ adjective (WITH OIL)
covered in oil or containing a lot of oil
多油的；油腻的；涂油的
Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
生活陷入了一个固定的模式。求生耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如，我们需要水，而象岛没有。我们发现可以把海上的冰融化成水，然后饮用。可是我们怎么生火呢？南极没有树木，也没有石油，我们可以使用的唯一燃料就是动物脂肪。这种燃料会产生油腻的黑烟，但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧。

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

note /nəʊt/ verb [ T ] formal
to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it
谈到，论及

pretty /ˈprɪt.i/ much/well
almost
差不多；几乎全部地，几乎完全地

creature /ˈkriː.tʃər/ noun [ C ]
any large or small living thing that can move independently[独立地]
生物；动物

vary /ˈveə.ri/ verb [I or T] (CHANGE)
to change or cause something to change in amount or level, especially from one occasion[时刻，场合] to another
改变；更改

occasion /əˈkeɪ.ʒən/ noun [ C ]
a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened
（尤指某事发生的）时刻，时候

whatever /wɒtˈev.ər/ pronoun, determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) n. 限定词] (NOT IMPORTANT WHAT)
it is not important what is; it makes no difference what (is)
不管怎样，无论什么；无所谓，什么都可以
Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: "The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures." If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult.
食物也是个问题，因为在岛上我们找不到任何蔬菜或水果。我们的一位团队成员，莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特，在日记中写下了他对三餐的厌烦程度：“现在的食物几乎全是海洋生物。”要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。作为一名厨师，我的职责是烹饪食物，于是我想方设法变换三餐的花样。但是，这实在太难了。

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

as /æz/ adverb
used in comparisons to refer to the degree of something
（用于比较）像…（一样），和…（一样）

as /æz/ conjunction (LIKE)
in the same way
以…的方式；如同…那样；像

too /tuː/ adverb (MORE)
more than is needed or wanted; more than is suitable or enough
太；过于

from /frɒm/ preposition (CAUSE)
used to show the cause of something or the reason why something happens
（表示原因）由于，因为

sweat /swet/ noun (LIQUID)[ U ]
the clear[透明的], salty liquid that you pass[分泌] through your skin
汗，汗水

damage /ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/ verb [ T ]
to harm[伤害] or spoil[破坏] something
损害，危害；损坏；伤害

burn verb (DAMAGE)[ I or T ]
to be hurt, damaged, or destroyed[毁坏] by fire or extreme heat, or to cause this to happen【因火灾或酷热而受伤、损坏或毁坏，或导致这种情况发生】
（把…）烧坏；（使）烧伤；（使）烧毁；（使）晒伤；（使）烫伤
We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.
我们十分小心，避免过于频繁地外出，因为气温变化会使人生病。衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的。汗水会迅速结冰。我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人都得病了。这种黑烟损害我们的眼睛，而且伤害我们的肺部。

discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ noun (TRAINING)[ U ]
training that makes people more willing to obey or more able to control themselves, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the behaviour produced by this training
训导；训练；纪律；约束

optimistic /ˌɒp.tɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ adjective
hoping or believing that good things will happen in the future
乐观的

deal /diːl/ with sth[ I or T ](TAKE ACTION)
dealt | dealt
to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem
处理，动手解决

fear /fɪər/ noun [ C or U ]
an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are frightened or worried by something dangerous, painful, or bad that is happening or might happen
害怕，惧怕；担忧

episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʊd/ noun [C] (EVENT)
a single event or group of related events
事件；（相关的）一连串事件；一段经历
The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
我们22个人就这样在冰天雪地里度过了四个月。纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。生日、节日甚至捕获海洋动物之时，我们都会庆祝一番。这是我生命中永远不会忘却的一段经历。

rescue /ˈres.kjuː/ verb [ T ]
to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful, or unpleasant situation
【帮助某人或某物摆脱危险、有害或不愉快的处境】
救援；营救；解救

such /sʌtʃ/ predeterminer[ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 前位限定词], determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 限定词]
used before a noun or noun phrase to add emphasis
（用于名词或名词短语前表示强调）如此，这么

relief /rɪˈliːf/ noun (HAPPINESS)[ S or U ]
a feeling of happiness that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended
（不快过后的）宽慰，宽心，轻松，解脱

joy /dʒɔɪ/ noun (HAPPINESS)[ U ]
great happiness
欢欣，高兴，喜悦

hide /haɪd/ verb[ T ]
hid | hidden
to prevent something from being seen
遮掩，遮盖

tear /tɪər/ noun[ C usually plural ]
a drop of salty liquid that flows from the eye, as a result of strong emotion, especially unhappiness, or pain
【由于强烈的情绪，特别是不快乐或痛苦，从眼睛流出的一滴咸液体】
眼泪，泪珠

at (long) last /læst/
finally
终于，最终

free /friː/ adjective, adverb (NOT LIMITED)
not limited or controlled【不受限制或控制的】
自由的；无拘束的

optimism /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪ.zəm/ noun [ U ]
the quality of being full of hope and emphasizing the good parts of a situation, or a belief that something good will happen
【充满希望并强调情况（形势）中好的方面，或相信好的事情会发生的品质】
乐观；乐观主义

faith /feɪθ/ noun (TRUST)[ U ]
great trust or confidence in something or someone
【对某事或某人非常信任或信心】
信任；信心

faith in[feɪθ ɪn]n.+prep.
对……的信任；对……有信仰；对……有信心

persevere /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪər/ verb [ I ]
to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems
【尽管有问题，但仍以坚定的方式尝试做或继续做某事】
锲而不舍，坚持不懈

pay back[peɪ bæk]v.
偿还； 回报； 还击； 报复

commitment /kəˈmɪt.mənt/ noun[ C or U ]
a willingness to give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something
【愿意为你相信的事情付出时间和精力，或承诺或坚定的决定去做某事】
忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺，保证，诺言
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。我们终于可以回家了，回归温暖的被窝、（享受）可口的食物以及家人朋友的关爱。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任让我们顽强地活了下来，而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。
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