选修三册第五单元阅读讲解

选修三册第五单元第50页阅读讲解

poem /ˈpəʊ.ɪm/ noun [ C ]
a piece of writing[文字] in which the words are arranged in separate[ˈseprət 不同的] lines, often ending in rhyme[raɪm n.押韵], and are chosen for their sound and for the images[ˈɪmɪdʒ 形象] and ideas[aɪˈdɪə 思想] they suggest[səˈdʒest 暗示]
【一种文字,其中的词被安排在不同的行中,通常以押韵结尾,并根据它们的声音、它们所暗示的形象和思想来选择】

A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
英文诗歌的几种简单形式

compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ verb (PRODUCE ART)[ I or T ]
to produce music, poetry, or formal writing
作曲;创作(乐曲、诗歌);著(书)

poetry /ˈpəʊ.ɪ.tri/ noun [ U ]
poems in general as a form of literature
【通常作为文学形式的诗歌】
(总称)诗,诗歌

certain /ˈsɜː.tən/ adjective (NAMED)
[ before noun ] formal
named but neither famous nor known well
某个,某位

image /ˈɪm.ɪdʒ/ noun (MENTAL PICTURE)[ C ]
a picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is
(自己头脑中的)形象,印象

convey /kənˈveɪ/ verb [T] (COMMUNICATE)
to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people
表达,传达(思想、感情或想法)

distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋk.tɪv/ adjective
Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize[ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz 识别] because it is different from other things.
与众不同的,独特的,特别的

characteristic /ˌkær.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/ noun [ C ]
a typical[ˈtɪpɪkl 典型的] or noticeable[ˈnəʊtɪsəbl 明显的] quality[ˈkwɒləti 品质] of someone or something
特色,特点,特征

economical /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/ adjective
not using a lot of fuel, money, etc.
经济的;省钱的;节约的

descriptive /dɪˈskrɪp.tɪv/ adjective
describing something, especially in a detailed, interesting way
描述的,描写的,描绘的

vivid /ˈvɪv.ɪd/ adjective
Vivid descriptions, memories, etc. produce very clear, powerful, and detailed images in the mind
(描述、记忆等)栩栩如生的,鲜活的,生动的

integrate /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt/ verb[ T ]
to combine two or more things in order to become more effective[ɪˈfektɪv 有效的]
使合并,使成为一体

imagery /ˈɪm.ɪ.dʒər.i/ noun [ U ]
the use of words or pictures in books, films, paintings, etc. to describe ideas or situations
(书籍、电影、绘画等中的)意象,形象化描述

literary /ˈlɪt.ər.ər.i/ adjective
connected with literature
文学的,与文学相关的

device /dɪˈvaɪs/ noun [C] (METHOD)
a method that is used to produce a particular effect[ɪˈfekt 效果]
(以期达到某种特定效果的)方法,手段

simile /ˈsɪm.ɪ.li/ noun [ C or U ]
(the use of) an expression comparing one thing with another, always including the words "as" or "like"
明喻(的运用)

metaphor /ˈmet.ə.fɔːr/ noun [ C or U ]
an expression, often found in literature, that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to have similar characteristics to that person or object
【文学作品中常见的一种表达方式,通过提及被认为与该人或物体具有相似特征的事物来描述该人或物体】
隐喻;暗喻

refer /rɪˈfɜːr/ to sb/sth -rr-
to talk or write about someone or something, especially in only a few words
(尤指简短地)提到,谈及,谈起

rhyme /raɪm/ noun[ C ]
a word that has the same last sound as another word
押韵词;同韵词

rhythm /ˈrɪð.əm/ noun[ C or U ]
a strong pattern of sounds, words, or musical notes that is used in music, poetry, and dancing
【在音乐、诗歌和舞蹈中使用的一种强烈的声音、词语或音符的模式】
(音乐、诗歌和舞蹈的)节奏,韵律,节律

There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the readers mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid Language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有的诗歌讲述一个故事,有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象,还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感,如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括精练的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻的文学手法,以及字词、诗行、韵脚和节奏的编排。诗人们使用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在,我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。

nursery /ˈnɜː.sər.i/ noun [C] (FOR CHILDREN)
a place where young children and babies are taken care of while their parents are at work
幼儿园,托儿所

nursery rhyme /ˈnɜː.sər.i ˌraɪm/ noun [ C ]
a short and usually very old poem or song for young children
儿歌,童谣

folk /fəʊk/ noun (MUSIC)[ U ]
modern music and songs that are written in a style similar to that of traditional music
民谣,民歌

folk song /ˈfəʊk ˌsɒŋ/ noun [ C ]
a traditional song from a particular region, or a modern song, usually with a tune[tjuːn 曲调] played on a guitar, that is written in a style similar to that of traditional music
民歌,民谣

to the point
expressing something very important or suitable for the subject being discussed
中肯的,切中要点的,切题的

storyline /ˈstɔː.ri.laɪn/ noun [ C ]
(in a book, film, play, etc.) the plot[plɒt 情节] (= the series of events that happen in it)
(书、电影、戏剧等的)情节

rhyme /raɪm/ verb [ I or T ]
Words that rhyme have the same last sound
押韵;成韵;和…同韵

make sense [meɪk sens]v.
有意义;讲得通;言之有理

contradictory /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪk.tər.i/ adjective
If two or more facts, pieces of advice, etc. are contradictory, they are very different from each other.
对立的;相互矛盾的;不一致的

cite /saɪt/ verb [ T ] formal
to speak or write words taken from a particular writer or written work
引用,引述

recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ verb [ I or T ]
to say a piece of writing aloud from memory, or to publicly say a list of things
背诵;朗诵;当众吟诵

Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣的语言恰到好处,却含有故事情节,如诗歌A。许多孩子喜欢童谣,因为它们押韵,节奏感强,而且往往重复一些字眼。这些童谣也许没有道理,甚至自相矛盾,但是很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏,儿童学习了语言。

hush /hʌʃ/ exclamation[ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn 感叹词]
used to tell someone to be quiet
(示意某人安静)嘘

papa UK /pəˈpɑː/ US /ˈpɑː.pə/ noun [ C ]
father
爸爸

gonna /ˈɡɑː.nə/
mainly US
informal for going to
(going to的非正式说法)

mockingbird /ˈmɒk.ɪŋ.bɜːd/ noun [ C ]
any of various types of North American or Australian birds that copy the sounds made by other birds
嘲鸫(北美或澳大利亚的鸟类,善模仿其他鸟的叫声)

brass /bræs/ noun (METAL)[ U ]
a bright yellow metal made from copper[ˈkɒpə(r) 铜] and zinc[zɪŋk 锌]
黄铜

looking glass /ˈlʊk.ɪŋ ˌɡlæs/ noun [ C ]
a mirror
镜子

billy goat /ˈbɪl.i ˌɡəʊt/ noun [ C ]
a male goat
公羊

cart /kɑːt/ noun [ C ]
a vehicle with either two or four wheels, pulled by a horse and used for carrying goods
(两轮或四轮的)运货马车

bull /bʊl/ noun (ANIMAL)[ C ]
a male cow[kaʊ 奶牛], or the male of particular animals such as the elephant or the whale
公牛;雄象;雄鲸

A
Hush,little baby,don't say a word,
嘘嘘,小宝贝,别说话,
Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird.
爸爸给你买只知更鸟,
If that mockingbird won't sing,
知更鸟,不唱歌,
Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring.
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒,
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
钻石戒,变黄铜,
Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass.
爸爸给你买面小镜子,
If that looking-glass gets broke,
小镜子,打碎了,
Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat.
爸爸给你买只小山羊,
If that billy goat won't pull,
小山羊,不肯拉,
Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull.
爸爸给你买架牛拉车。

develop /dɪˈvel.əp/ verb[ T ]
to invent something or bring something into existence
开发;制定;形成

flexible /ˈflek.sə.bəl/ adjective (ABLE TO CHANGE)
able to change or be changed easily according to the situation
可变动的;灵活的;可变通的

a /eɪ/ determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 限定词] (NOT PARTICULAR)
(also an)
used to say what type of thing or person something or someone is
(表示人或物的类型)某种

while /waɪl/ conjunction (BUT)
compared with the fact that; but
【与某种情况相比,;但是】
然而;但是

One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme [Like B and C] while others do not.
“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一,它(一般)包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单,形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活,重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵(如诗歌B和诗歌C),有些则不押韵。

deep /diːp/ adjective (DARK)
(of a colour) strong and dark
(颜色)深的

shell /ʃel/ noun (COVERING)[ C or U ]
the hard outer covering of something, especially nuts, eggs, and some animals
(尤指坚果、蛋、某些动物的)壳

shore /ʃɔːr/ noun [ C or U ]
the land along the edge[edʒ 边] of a sea, lake, or wide river
(海、湖或大河的)滨,岸

by /baɪ/ adverb
at the side of or (in distance or time) past
经过

bee /biː/ noun [C] (INSECT)
a yellow and black flying insect that makes honey and can sting[stɪŋ 叮] you
蜜蜂

dewdrop noun [ C ]
UK/ˈdʒuː.drɒp/ US/ˈduː.drɑːp/
a drop of dew[dʒuː 露水]
露珠

greet /ɡriːt/ verb[ T ]
to welcome someone with particular words or a particular action
问候;迎接;向…打招呼

dawn /dɔːn/ noun [ C or U ]
the period in the day when light from the sun begins to appear[əˈpɪə(r) 出现] in the sky
拂晓,破晓,黎明

clover /ˈkləʊ.vər/ noun [ U ]
a small plant with three round leaves on each stem[stem 茎], often fed to cows
(常作牛饲料的)苜蓿[mù xu],三叶草,车轴草

lawn /lɔːn/ noun [ C or U ]
an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, that is cut regularly to keep it short
(尤指房屋附近或公园的)草地,草坪

over /ˈəʊ.vər/ adverb (ACROSS)
across; from one side or place to another
越过;从一边(或一地)到另一边(或另一地)

B
Mother
母亲
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky,
千百颗星星挂在湛蓝的天空,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together,
千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸,
Hundreds of birds that go singing by,
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过,
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather,
千百只蜜蜂在阳光下穿梭,
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,
千百滴露珠迎接黎明,
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戏,
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,
千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞,
But only one mother the world over.
可只有一个母亲,在这茫茫的世界。

George Cooper
—乔治·库珀

mostly /ˈməʊst.li/ adverb
mainly
通常

cheerful /ˈtʃɪə.fəl/ adjective
happy and positive
高兴的,快乐的;兴高采烈的

thought /θɔːt/ noun [ C or U ]
the act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject
思考;考虑;思想

court [kɔːt] noun
法院;法庭

C
LIFE
生活
Life can be good,
生活可能美好,
Life can be bad,
生活可能悲伤,
Life is mostly cheerful,
生活常常充满欢乐,
but sometimes sad
但有时令人沮丧。
Life can be dreams,
生活可能是幻梦一场,
Life can be great thoughts
生活可能是伟大理想,
Life can mean a person,
生活也可能是一个人,
Sitting in court.
独坐在被告席上。

amateur /ˈæm.ə.tər/ noun [ C ]
a person who takes part in an activity for pleasure[ˈpleʒə(r) 娱乐], not as a job
业余爱好者;业余运动员

cinquain [sɪŋ'keɪn] n.
五个的一组;五行诗

be made up of
由……所组成

convey /kənˈveɪ/ verb [T] (COMMUNICATE)
to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people
表达,传达(思想、感情或想法)

strong adjective (NOT WEAK)
powerful; having or using great force or control
强有力的,强劲的;强壮的;强烈的

a certain /ˈsɜː.tən/ determiner[限定词]
used before a noun when it is difficult to describe something exactly or give its exact amount
(用于名词之前,用于表示难以描述或估算的)某一个,某一种

mood /muːd/ noun [ C ]
the way you feel at a particular time
心境,心情,情绪;精神状态

Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five Lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example [D].
(对于)业余诗人(而言)容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗,它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行,你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例(诗歌D)。

athletic /æθˈlet.ɪk/ adjective
strong, healthy, and good at sports
强壮的;擅长运动的

tease /tiːz/ verb [I or T] (MAKE FUN OF)
to laugh at someone or say unkind things about them, either because you are joking or because you want to upset[ʌpˈset 使生气] that person
戏弄,逗弄;取笑,招惹

D
Brother
兄弟
Beautiful,athletic
漂亮,爱运动
Teasing,shouting,laughing
爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑
Friend and enemy too
是我的朋友也是我的敌人
Mine
我的

haiku /ˈhaɪ.kuː/ noun [ C ]
plural haiku
a short Japanese poem with 17 syllables
(日本的)俳句[pái jù]

consist /kənˈsɪst/ of sth
to be made of or formed from something
由…组成,由…构成;包含

syllable /ˈsɪl.ə.bl̩/ noun [ C ]
a single unit of speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be separated, usually containing a vowel[ˈvaʊəl 元音]
音节

speech /spiːtʃ/ noun (SAY WORDS)[ U ]
the ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a piece of spoken language
说话能力;说话;谈话;言语

format /ˈfɔː.mæt/ noun [ C or U ]
a pattern, plan, or arrangement
模式;计划;安排

respective /rɪˈspek.tɪv/ adjective [ before noun ]
relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned
各自的;各个的;分别的

with /wɪð/ preposition (RELATIONSHIP)
relating to or in the case of a person or thing
关于;对于;至于;对…来说

relate /rɪˈleɪt/ [联系]to sb/sth
to be connected to, or to be about someone or something
涉及;与…相关;有关

in the case[具体情况] of sth/sb
in connection with someone or something, or in the situation of something
关于…;在…情况下

delicate /ˈdel.ɪ.kət/ adjective (EASILY DAMAGED)
needing careful treatment, especially because easily damaged
脆弱的;娇嫩的

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式,由17个音节组成。其格式为三行,每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式,但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作,而且与五行诗一样,寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面,表达一种特殊的情感。右侧的俳句(诗歌E)从日语翻译而来,展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。

blossom /ˈblɒs.əm/ noun [ C or U ]
a small flower, or the small flowers on a tree or plant
花朵;花簇

branch /bræntʃ/ noun [C] (TREE PART)
one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk[trʌŋk 树干] and has leaves, flowers, or fruit on it
树枝

E
A fallen blossom
一朵凋落的花
Is coming back to the branch.
回到了枝头
Look,a butterfly!
看,是一只蝴蝶!

English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one [F].
英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌,尤其是唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文,如诗歌F。

await /əˈweɪt/ verb [ T ] formal
to wait for or be waiting for something
等待;将降临在(…身上)

flow /fləʊ/ verb [I] (MOVE)
(especially of liquids, gases, or electricity) to move in one direction, especially continuously and easily
(尤指液体、气体或电)流动

transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ verb [ T ]
to change completely[kəmˈpliːtli 彻底地] the appearance or character of something or someone, especially so that that thing or person is improved
【彻底改变某物或某人的外貌或性格,尤指使该物或人得到改善】
使彻底改观;使大变样

revolve /rɪˈvɒlv/ verb [ I or T ]
to move or cause something to move around a central point or line
(使)旋转;(使)转动;(使)环绕,围绕

utter /ˈʌt.ər/ verb [ T ] formal
to say something or to make a sound with your voice
说;讲;出声

F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return,
this stone would utter speech.

Wang Jian

望夫处,江悠悠。
化为石,不回头。
上头日日风复雨。
行人归来石应语。

——王建

eventually /ɪˈven.tʃu.ə.li/ adverb
in the end, especially after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc.
最终,终于

With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择,你可能最终想自己写几首诗。试一试吧!

选修三册第五单元第56页阅读讲解

WIND ON THE HILL
山上的风

keep /kiːp/ up (with sb/sth)
kept | kept
to do whatever is necessary to stay level or equal with someone or something
不落后;跟上;(与…)并驾齐驱

hold /həʊld/ verb (SUPPORT)[ T ]
held | held
to take and keep something in your hand or arms
握住,抓住

string /strɪŋ/ noun (ROPE)[ C or U ]
(a piece of) strong, thin rope made by twisting[twɪst 拧] very thin threads[θred 线] together, used for fastening[ˈfæsn 系牢;固定] and tying[ˈtaɪɪŋ 系紧] things
细绳;线;带

tie /taɪ/ verb (FASTEN)[ I or T ]
tying | tied
to fasten together two ends of a piece of string or other long, thin material, or to (cause to) hold together with a long, thin piece of string, material, etc.
打结;系,缚,捆,扎

blow /bləʊ/ verb (SEND OUT AIR)[ I or T ]
blew[bluː] | blown[bləʊn]
to move and make currents[ˈkʌrənt 气流] of air, or to be moved or make something move on a current of air
吹;吹动;被吹走

wherever /weəˈrev.ər/ adverb, conjunction
to or in any or every place
无论到(或在)哪里;无论什么地方

should /ʃʊd/ modal verb (PROBABLE[ˈprɒb.ə.bəl 很可能的]) used to show when something is likely or expected 将,会,该

No one can tell me,
Nobody knows,
Where the wind comes from,
Where the wind goes.
It's flying from somewhere
As fast as it can,
I couldn't keep up with it,
Not if I ran.
But if I stopped holding
The string of my kite,
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes...
But where the wind comes from
Nobody knows.

A. A. Milne[mɪln]

没有人能够告诉我,
也没有人会知道,
风来自哪里,
又将去往哪里。

它从一个地方吹来,
尽它所能,飞快地吹来,
我不能赶上它,
即使我奔跑。
但如果我停下来,
不再紧握我手中的风筝线,
它将被风吹跑,
一天一夜。

后来当我发现它,
它吹向任何地方,
我会知道风,
也曾经去过那里。

所以当我能告诉他们,
风去了哪里……
但是风从哪里来,
没有人知道。

—A.A.米尔恩

DREAM
梦想

fast /fæst/ adverb
quickly
快速地;迅速地

fast /fæst/ adverb, adjective
firmly fixed
【牢牢地固定】
牢固地

for /fɔːr/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because; as
【并列连词】
因为,由于…的缘故

broken-winged [ˈbrəʊkən wɪŋd] a.
折翅的

barren /ˈbær.ən/ adjective
unable to produce plants or fruit
贫瘠的;不毛的

Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.

Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.

Langston[ˈlæŋstən] Hughes[hjuːz]

紧紧抓住梦想,
因为梦想若是死亡,
生命就像鸟儿折断了翅膀,
再也不能飞翔。

紧紧抓住梦想,
因为梦想一旦消逝,
生活变成荒芜的田野,
被冰封雪盖。

—兰斯顿·休斯

match /mætʃ/ noun (SUITABLE)[ S ]
If two people who are having a relationship are a good match, they are very suitable for each other.
般配的一对;相配的两个人

brown /braʊn/ noun [ C or U ]
the colour of chocolate or soil
【巧克力或泥土的颜色】
棕色(的),褐色(的)

flowerful /ˈflaʊəfʊl/ ADJECTIVE
having plentiful[ˈplentɪfl 丰富的] flowers
拥有丰富的花朵的(参见柯林词典

close /kləʊs/ noun (ROAD)
a road, usually with private houses, that vehicles can only enter from one end
(通常通向私人住宅的)街道,死巷,死胡同

pleasure /ˈpleʒ.ər/ noun [ C or U ]
enjoyment[ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt 享受], happiness, or satisfaction[ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn 满足], or something that gives this
愉快,欢乐;满意;欣慰;乐事

grief /ɡriːf/ noun [ C or U ]
very great sadness, especially at the death of someone
(尤指某人之死引起的)悲痛,悲伤,悲哀

A MATCH
佳偶

If love were what the rose is,
And I were the leaf,
Our lives[laɪvz] would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes,
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is,
And I were like the leaf.

A.C. Swinburne

如果爱情是玫瑰,
而我是绿叶,
我们的生命将一起成长,
无论天气阴沉还是晴朗,
处在丰饶的原野或花径,
感受绿色的欢乐或灰色的苦闷;
如果爱情是玫瑰,
而我是绿叶。

—A.C.斯温伯恩

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