选修四册第二单元阅读讲解

选修四册第二单元第14页阅读讲解

25 Sep
9月25日

keep /kiːp/ verb
kept | kept
keep a diary, an account, a record, etc.
to make a regular record of events or other information so that you can refer[rɪˈfɜː(r) 查阅] to it later
记日记／记账／作记录（等等）

refer /rɪˈfɜːr/ (sb) to sth
-rr-
to look at, or tell someone else to look at, a book or similar record in order to find information and help
（告诉某人去）看，查阅，参考

learn /lɜːn/ verb [ I or T ]
learned or UK also learnt | learned or UK also learnt
to be told facts or information that you did not know
听说，获悉，被告知

on /ɒn/ preposition (RELATING[rɪˈleɪtɪŋ 有联系])
relating to
关于，有关；涉及

equator /ɪˈkweɪ.tər/ noun [ S ]
an imaginary[ɪˈmædʒɪnəri 虚构的] line drawn around the middle of the earth an equal[ˈiːkwəl 相当的] distance[ˈdɪstəns 距离] from the North Pole and the South Pole
【围绕地球中心画的一条假想线，距离北极和南极相等】
赤道

globe /ɡləʊb/ noun (WORLD)
the globe [ S ]
the world
地球；世界

informally [ɪnˈfɔːməli] adv.
非正式地；不拘礼节地

refer to...as
把……称做；把……当作

down under
informal
(in or to) Australia or New Zealand
在澳大利亚（或新西兰）；到澳大利亚（或新西兰）
Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays. I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn. I have already done some research on the country. Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it's often informally referred to as “down under”.
趁学校放假，我打算下周去澳大利亚看望那里的一位朋友。我计划用这个博客记录我的所见所闻。我对澳大利亚做了一番研究。它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under"。

iconic /aɪˈkɒn.ɪk/ adjective formal
very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent[ˌreprɪˈzent 代表] particular opinions or a particular time
（尤指能代表某种观点或某一时代）非常出名的，受欢迎的；偶像的，象征性的；图标的

site /saɪt/ noun [C] (PLACE)
a place where something is, was, or will be built, or where something happened, is happening, or will happen
（建筑物的）地点，位置；建筑工地；（某事发生的）地点，现场

can't wait
(also can hardly wait)
to be very excited about something and eager to do or experience it
等不及；迫不及待

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

major /ˈmeɪ.dʒɚ/ in sth verb US
to study something as your main subject at college or university
主修，以…为专业

meet /miːt/ verb (FOR THE FIRST TIME)[ T or I ]
to see and talk to someone for the first time
（和…）初次见面；（与…）相识
I have also read about some iconic sites，such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road，and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos. I can't wait to see all of them! However，as I major in social studies，I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture，food，and way of life.
我也看了一些标志性景点的介绍，比如悉尼歌剧院和大洋路，还有可爱的考拉和袋鼠等动物的资料。我迫不及待想见到所有这一切！不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。

1 Oct
10月1日

since /sɪns/ conjunction (TIME)
from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now
自从…；从…以来

bring /brɪŋ/ sb to sth
brought | brought
to cause someone to come to a particular place or thing
把…引到（某一话题、地点）

open-air /ˌəʊ.pənˈeər/ adjective [ before noun ]
used to describe a place that does not have a roof, or an event that takes place outside
室外的，户外的；露天的；野外的

barbecue /ˈbɑː.bɪ.kjuː/ noun [ C ]
a meal that is prepared and eaten outdoors using such a frame[freɪm 支架], often during a party
烤肉

yummy /ˈjʌm.i/ adjective informal
tasting extremely good
美味可口的，很好吃的

typical /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
showing all the characteristics that you would usually expect from a particular group of things
【展示你通常期望从一组特定事物中获得的所有特征】
典型的，有代表性的；特有的

Sunday roast
星期日烤肉（英国名菜）

originally /əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl.i/ adverb
first of all
原本，起初，原先

bakery /ˈbeɪ.kər.i/ noun [ C ]
a place where bread and cakes are made and sometimes sold
面包房

fast food /ˌfæst ˈfuːd/ noun [ U ]
hot food such as hamburgers that is quick to cook or is already cooked and is therefore[ˈðeəfɔː(r) 因此] served very quickly in a restaurant
【热的食物，如汉堡包，可以很快烹制或已经烹制，因此在餐馆里可以很快供应】
快餐

joint /dʒɔɪnt/ noun [C] (PLACE)informal
a bar[bɑː(r) 酒吧] or restaurant that serves food and drink at low prices
【以低价供应食物和饮料的酒吧或餐馆】
（出售廉价饮食的）酒吧（或餐馆）

butcher /ˈbʊtʃ.ər/ noun [C] (SHOP)
a person who sells meat in a shop
肉商，肉贩

café /kæfˈeɪ/ noun [ C ] (also cafe)
(UK informal caff[kæf 小餐馆])
a restaurant where simple and usually quite cheap meals are served
（一般不供应酒类的）小餐馆，小饭馆，咖啡馆

premier /ˈprem.i.ər/ adjective [ before noun ]
best or most important
首位的，首要的

on the other hand
另一方面

introduction /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/ noun (FIRST EXPERIENCE)[ S ]
the first time someone experiences something
首次（经历，接触某事），首次体验

bean豆 curd凝乳 /ˈbiːn ˌkɜːd/ noun [ U ]
tofu[ˈtəʊfuː 豆腐]
豆腐（同 tofu）

herb /hɜːb/ noun [ C ]
a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular dishes or in making medicine
（用作调味品或药材的）香草，药草

along with sb/sth
in addition to someone or something else
除此之外，还…；（除…之外）又…，加之

version /ˈvɜː.ʃən/ noun [ C ]
a particular form of something that is slightly different from other forms of the same thing
版本；说法

inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/ verb [ T ]
to give someone an idea for a book, film, product, etc.
赋予灵感；激发（想法）

dim sum /ˌdɪm ˈsʌm/ noun [ U ]
a Chinese meal or snack of small dishes including different steamed[stiːm 蒸(食物)] or fried foods
（港式）点心
I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived，my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me，so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical Australian food，such as the Sunday roast，is originally British. Bakeries，fast-food joints，butcher shops，cafes，and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures，on the other hand，led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs，along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sum.
我在悉尼啦！自我来这儿之后，朋友就带着我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤，还和我分享了许多风格各异的美味佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象就是美食！很多澳大利亚的特色美食都源自英国，比如星期日烤肉。随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供世界顶级的美食体验。另一方面，在亚洲文化的影响下，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引人了豆腐和亚洲药草。

3 Oct
10月3日

territory /ˈter.ɪ.tər.i/ noun [C or U] (AREA)
(an area of) land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country or person
领土；领域；领地；活动范围

custom /ˈkʌs.təm/ noun (USUAL WAY)[ C or U ]
a way of behaving[bɪˈheɪv 行为] or a belief[bɪˈliːf 信仰] that has been established[ɪˈstæblɪʃ 确立] for a long time
风俗，习俗；传统

Aborigine /ˌæb.əˈrɪdʒ.ən.i/ noun [ C ]
a word for a member of one of the groups of people who were the first people to live in Australia, which was used officially[əˈfɪʃəli 正式地] in the past, but is now offensive[əˈfensɪv 冒犯的]
【这个词指的是第一批生活在澳大利亚的人，过去是官方用语，但现在带有冒犯性】
对澳大利亚土著居民的侮辱性称呼

native /ˈneɪ.tɪv/ adjective[ before noun ]
relating to[rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tu 有关的] the first people to live in an area
土著的，土著人的

aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl/ adjective
used to refer to[rɪˈfɜː(r) tu 指的是] a person or living thing that has existed in a country or continent[ˈkɒntɪnənt 大陆] since the earliest time known to people
【用来指自人们所知的最早时期以来就存在于一个国家或大陆上的人或生物】
土著的；土生土长的

visible /ˈvɪz.ə.bəl/ adjective
able to be seen
可以看见的；可视的

Bondi Beach[ˈbɑndi biːtʃ]n.
邦迪海滩（澳大利亚地名）

water /ˈwɔː.tər/ noun[ U ]
an area of water, such as the sea, a lake, or a swimming pool
水域；大片的水

break /breɪk/ verb (WAVES)[ I usually + adv/prep ]
broke | broken
(of waves) to reach and move over the beach, hit a cliff[klɪf 悬崖] or wall, etc.
【（指波浪）到达并越过海滩，撞上悬崖或墙壁等。】
（波浪）拍岸，迸溅
My friend and I have arrived in Katherine，a town in Australia's Northern Territory. We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines，who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small，but its influence is still visible. For example，“Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word meaning “water breaking over rocks”.
我和朋友来到了澳大利亚北领地的凯瑟琳小镇。我们此行的目的是了解土著人的生活和习俗，他们是澳大利亚的原住民。土著人的人口可能很少，但其影响依旧可见。例如，“邦迪海滩中的“邦迪”就是一个土著词汇，意思是“拍打着岩石的海浪(声)”。

survive /səˈvaɪv/ verb[ I or T ]
to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening[ˈθretnɪŋ 威胁的] situation
【继续生活或存在，尤其是在濒临死亡或被摧毁或处于困难或威胁的境地之后】
继续生存，存活；（尤指）幸存

vast /væst/ adjective
extremely big
巨大的；广大的；辽阔的

close /kləʊs/ adjective (RELATIONSHIP)
having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support, and sympathy
【有直接的家庭联系或共同的信仰、支持和同情】
近亲的；密切的；团结的

1.contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/ noun (COMMUNICATION)[ U ]
communication with someone, especially by speaking or writing to them regularly
（尤指经常通过交谈、书信的）联系，联络，交往

2.contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/ noun (TOUCH)[ U ]
the fact of two people or things touching each other
接触；触摸；碰到

celebrate /ˈsel.ə.breɪt/ verb (PRAISE)[ T ] formal
to express admiration[ˌædməˈreɪʃn 钦佩] and approval[əˈpruːvl 赞许] for something or someone
赞扬，赞美；歌颂

just /dʒʌst/ adverb (ONLY)
only; simply[ˈsɪmpli 仅仅]
只是，仅仅

stick /stɪk/ noun (THIN PIECE)[ C ]
a thin piece of wood or other material
枝条；木条，木棍

didgeridoo /ˌdɪdʒ.ər.iˈduː/ noun [ C ]
plural didgeridoos
a long wooden wind instrument played by Australian Aborigines to produce a long deep sound
【一种由澳大利亚原住民演奏的长长的木制管乐器，用于产生长长的深沉声音】
（澳大利亚土著人的一种木制长管乐器）迪吉里杜管
To survive in this vast land on the ocean，the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music，too，which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground，among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
为了在大洋中这片辽阔的土地上生存，澳大利亚土著人得和大自然保持密切的联系。这也体现在它们的音乐中。这些音乐歌颂身边的自然世界，以及围绕着它们的精神世界。他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。

branch noun [C] (TREE PART)
UK /brɑːntʃ/ US /bræntʃ/
one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk[trʌŋk 树干] and has leaves, flowers, or fruit on it
树枝

hollow /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ adjective (EMPTY)
having a hole or empty space inside
【里面有洞或空的空间】
空的，空心的

vibrate /vaɪˈbreɪt/ verb [ I or T ]
to shake slightly and quickly, or to cause something to do this, in a way that is felt rather than seen or heard
【以一种感觉而不是看到或听到的方式轻微而快速地颤动，或使某物这样】
（使）震动；（使）颤动；（使）抖动

lip /lɪp/ noun (BODY PART)[ C ]
one of the two soft, red edges[edʒ 边缘] of the mouth
唇，嘴唇

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ preposition (DIFFERENT FROM)
different from
不像；与…不同

1.horn /hɔːn/ noun (VEHICLE)[ C ]
a device on a vehicle that is used to make a loud noise as a warning or signal to other people
（车辆的）喇叭

2.horn /hɔːn/ noun (MUSIC)[ C ]
a curved[kɜːvd 弧形的] metal[ˈmetl 金属] musical instrument that is narrow at the end you blow into and much wider at the other end
（乐器）号

pitch /pɪtʃ/ noun [ U ]
The pitch of a sound is how high or low it is
【音高是指声音的高低】
音高

skilled /skɪld/ adjective
having the abilities needed to do an activity or job well
【具备做好某项活动或工作所需的能力】
熟练的；有技术的

continually[kənˈtɪnjuəli]adv.
不断地；频繁地

while conjunction (DURING)
(also formal whilst[waɪlst =while])
during the time that, or at the same time as
在…的时候；与…同时

convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ adjective
certain[ˈsɜːtn 无疑的]
确信的，信服的
The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow. To play the didgeridoo，you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. Unlike a horn，there are no finger holes. The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for along time without stopping to breathe[briːð]. He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.I tried to learn how to play it，but after trying for hours，I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!
迪吉里杜管由空心的树干制成。吹奏迪吉里杜管时，把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。与喇叭不同，迪吉里杜管没有指孔。吹奏迪吉里杜管必须靠改变嘴形才能改变音髙。一名娴熟的演奏者可以长时间吹奏，不用停下来换气。演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气，同时通过嘴巴吐气，吹入迪吉里杜管中。我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！

6 Oct
10月6日

almost /ˈɔːl.məʊst/ adverb
nearly[ˈnɪəli 几乎；差不多]
几乎，差不多，差一点，将近

while /waɪl/ noun
a while
a length of time
一会儿；一段时间

mix /mɪks/ noun (COMBINE)[ C usually singular ]
a combination
混合；结合

make up sth
made | made
to form a particular thing, amount, or number as a whole
组成，构成

nation /ˈneɪ.ʃən/ noun[ C ]
a country, especially when thought of as a large group of people living in one area with their own government, language, traditions, etc.
国家

shape /ʃeɪp/ verb [T] (CHARACTER)
to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or idea, or someone's character
决定（或影响）（尤指信仰或思想）的形式；决定，影响（性格）

contribute /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/ verb [ I or T ]
to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people
贡献，奉献，捐献（尤指钱）

contribute to sth
to help to cause an event or situation
促成；导致

immigrant /ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt/ noun [ C ]
a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently[ˈpɜːmənəntli 永久地]
（外来的）移民

nearly /ˈnɪə.li/ adverb
almost, or not completely[kəmˈpliːtli 完全地]
几乎，差不多，将近

citizen /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən/ noun [ C ]
a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights because of being born there or because of being given rights, or a person who lives in a particular town or city
公民；市民，城镇居民

overseas /ˌəʊ.vəˈsiːz/ adjective, adverb
in, from, or to other countries
在海外（的）；从国外来（的）；到国外（的）
It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. I've enjoyed my time here very much. After being here for a while，my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture，minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture，with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。我在这里过得十分愉快。在这里住了一段时间之后，我最深刻的印象就是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。尽管自1788年以来，主要的文化影响是西方文化，但少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。

personally /ˈpɜː.sən.əl.i/ adverb
used when you give your opinion
就个人而言；就本人而言

1.straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔː.wəd/ adjective (SIMPLE)
easy to understand or simple
容易理解的，简单的

2.straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔː.wəd/ adjective (HONEST)
(of a person) honest and not likely to hide their opinions
【（指人）诚实且不可能隐藏自己的观点】
（人）坦诚的，直率的

friendliness /ˈfrend.li.nəs/ noun [U] (SUPPORT)
the fact of supporting or wanting to help someone or something
友善，友好，亲切

warmth /wɔːmθ/ noun [U] (FEELING)
a friendly and enthusiastic[ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk 热情的] quality[ˈkwɒləti 品质] in someone or something
【某人或某事的友好和热情的品质】
热情；热烈；友情
Personally speaking，what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.
对我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.əns/ verb [ T ]
If you experience something, it happens to you, or you feel it.
经历；体会到，感受到

slogan /ˈsləʊ.ɡən/ noun [ C ]
a short easily remembered phrase, especially one used to advertise an idea or a product
标语，口号；广告语

There's nothing like Australia.
没有什么比得上澳大利亚。
After experiencing Australia，I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan：“There's nothing like Australia.”
在游历了澳大利亚之后，我得说我十分赞同他们的旅游口号：“澳大利亚，尽是不同。”

选修四册第二单元第19页阅读讲解

amazing /əˈmeɪ.zɪŋ/ adjective
extremely surprising
令人惊诧的，惊人的；令人惊喜的
THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA
澳大利亚神奇的动物

unique /juːˈniːk/ adjective
being the only existing one of its type or, more generally, unusual, or special in some way
独一无二的；与众不同的；唯一的；独特的；罕见的

1.to /tuː/ preposition (CONNECTION)
in connection with
与…相关

2.to /tuː/ preposition (BELONGING)
matching or belonging to
与…相配；属于

with /wɪð/ preposition (DESCRIPTION)
having or including something
拥有，有
Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”，with questions answered by wildlife expert，Dr Jim Smith.
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。

symbol /ˈsɪm.bəl/ noun [ C ]
a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else
标志，象征
Australia has lots of unique animals，but which animal is a symbol of the country?
澳大利亚拥有众多独一无二的动物，但哪种动物才是这个国家的象征呢？

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

wide /waɪd/ adjective (AMOUNT)
used to describe something that includes a large amount or many different types of thing, or that covers a large range[reɪndʒ 范围; 系列] or area
【用于描述包含大量或多种不同类型的事物，或覆盖大范围或区域的事物】
范围广阔的；广泛的

distribution /ˌdɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ noun [ C or U ]
the way in which people or things are spread out in a place
（人或物）的分布，分配

throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ preposition, adverb
in every part, or during the whole period of time
在各处；自始至终

tough /tʌf/ adjective (STRONG)
strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated[dɪˈfiːt 击败]
强壮的；结实的；坚固的；坚强的

survive /səˈvaɪv/ verb[ I or T ]
to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation
继续生存，存活；（尤指）幸存

also /ˈɔːl.səʊ/ adverb
in addition
而且（也），此外（还）

resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ noun [ U ]
strong determination[dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn 决心]
决心；坚定的信念

pouch /paʊtʃ/ noun [C] (OF ANIMALS)
a pocket on the lower part of the body of some female animals in which their young are carried and protected after they are born
【一些雌性动物身体下部的一个口袋，它们的幼崽出生后在里面被携带和保护】
（某些雌性动物的）育儿袋

temporary /ˈtem.pər.ər.i/ adjective
not lasting or needed for very long
短暂的；暂时的，临时的

phase /feɪz/ noun [ C ]
any stage[steɪdʒ 阶段] in a series of events or in a process of development
（发展或变化的）阶段，时期

gradually /ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/ adverb
slowly over a period of time or a distance
逐步地，逐渐地；平缓地

encounter /ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/ noun [ C ]
a meeting, especially one that happens by chance
偶然相遇，邂逅，不期而遇

end /end/ verb [ I or T ]
to finish or stop, or to make something finish or stop
（使）结束；（使）停止

1.hit /hɪt/ verb (TOUCH)[ T ]
to move your hand or an object onto the surface of something so that it touches it, usually with force
击，打

2.hit /hɪt/ verb (TOUCH)[ T ]
to touch something with sudden force
碰撞

kick /kɪk/ verb[ I or T ]
to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and legs suddenly and violently[ˈvaɪələntli 猛烈地]
踢，踹

hard /hɑːd/ adverb (USING EFFORT)
with a lot of physical or mental effort
费劲地，努力地，艰难地，用力地，猛烈地

please /pliːz/ exclamation[ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn 感叹词]
used to make a request more polite
好吗，请（用于客气地请求）

folk /fəʊk/ noun
folks [ plural ] informal
used when speaking informally to a group of people
各位；大伙儿

pet /pet/ verb[ T ]
-tt-
If you pet an animal, child, etc., you touch it, him, or her gently and kindly with your hands.
抚摸，爱抚，轻按
It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide distribution throughout the country. It's a tough animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also，it cannot walk backwards，so it is always moving forwards. This expresses the strength and resolve of the Australians as individuals and as a nation. Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth. They then find their way into their mother's pouch——a kind of pocket——to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that temporary，protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old. After this phase，they go out to try their legs. After they learn to jump，they gradually spend less time with their mother and learn to be independent. Kangaroos may look cute，but encounters with them don't always end so well. Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard，so please folks，if you see some kangaroos，remember they're not for petting!
毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。袋鼠是一种强壮的动物，生存于恶劣的环境中。此外，它不会倒退行走，所以总是勇往直前。这表达了澳大利亚人作为个体和民族的力量与决心。袋鼠宝宝出生时只有两克重。然后，它们会钻进母亲的育儿袋——一种口袋——以保持安全和温暖。它们在这个临时性、受保护的环境中睡觉和吃奶，直到七八个月大。在这个阶段之后，它们会出去试试腿力。学会跳跃之后，它们与母亲相处的时间就会逐步减少，学会独立。袋鼠可能看起来十分可爱，但与它们邂逅的结局并不总是那么美好。袋鼠的踢打相当有力，所以大家要小心，如果你们看到袋鼠，要记住它们不是用来爱抚的！

hold /həʊld/ verb (SUPPORT)[ T ]
to take and keep something in your hand or arms
握住，抓住，抱住

clarify /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/ verb [T] (EXPLAIN)
to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation
澄清；阐明；使更清晰易懂
Koalas are cute，and we see so many pictures of people holding them. But in many places in Australia，it is against the law to even touch them. Can you clarify that?
考拉非常可爱，我们可以看到很多人抱着它们的照片。但是在澳大利亚的许多地方，即便碰一下它们都是违法的。你能说明一下这点吗？

sensitive /ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv/ adjective (UPSET)
easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed[ɪmˈbærəst 尴尬的], or angry[ˈæŋɡri 愤怒的]
【容易被人们所说或所做的事情弄得心烦意乱，或导致人们感到心烦、尴尬或愤怒】
神经过敏的；易被冒犯的；敏感的

panic /ˈpæn.ɪk/ verb [ I or T ]
panicking | panicked
to suddenly feel so worried or frightened that you cannot think or behave[bɪˈheɪv 行事] calmly[ˈkɑːmli 冷静地] or reasonably[ˈriːznəbli 理性地]
【突然感到非常担心或害怕，以至于您无法冷静或理性地思考或行事】
（使）恐慌，（使）惊慌失措

hang verb (FIX AT TOP[在顶部固定])
[ I or T, + adv/prep ] hung | hung
to fasten or support something at the top leaving the other parts free to move, or to be held in this way
【在顶部固定或支撑某物，使其他部分自由移动或以这种方式固定】
悬挂，吊；吊着

interaction /ˌɪn.təˈræk.ʃən/ noun [ C or U ]
an occasion[əˈkeɪʒn 场合] when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other
交流，交往；相互作用，相互影响

against[əˈɡenst]
prep.（法律或法规）禁止

interest /ˈɪn.trəst/ noun (ADVANTAGE)[ C usually plural, U ]
something that brings advantages to or affects[əˈfekt 影响] someone or something
【给某人或某物带来好处或影响某人或某物的东西】
利益，好处

in the interests of...
为了... ...起见（考虑）

approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ verb (COME NEAR)[ I or T ]
to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount
靠近；接近；临近

pick /pɪk/ sb/sth up(LIFT)
to lift someone or something using your hands
举起；抱起；提起

certain /ˈsɜː.tən/ determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 限定词]
particular but not named or described
【特定的但没有命名或描述的】
（没有指明或描述的）某，某个，某些

session /ˈseʃ.ən/ noun (ACTIVITY)[ C ]
a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity
（从事某项活动的）一段时间（或集会）；一场；一节

state /steɪt/ noun (CONDITION)[ C ]
a condition[kənˈdɪʃn 状态] or way of being that exists at a particular time
【在特定时间存在的状态或方式】
状态；情形；状况

contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/ noun (TOUCH)[ U ]
the fact of two people or things touching each other
接触；触摸；碰到；互动

handle /ˈhæn.dəl/ verb (OPERATE)[ T ]
to operate or control something that could be difficult or dangerous
【操作或控制可能困难或危险的事物】
操作，控制（困难或危险的事物）

frequency /ˈfriː.kwən.si/ noun (HAPPENING)[ C or U ]
the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number or times
【某件事在特定时期内发生的次数，或某件事经常发生或大量发生的事实】
（事件发生的）频度，次数；频繁

occasion /əˈkeɪ.ʒən/ noun [ C ]
a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened
（尤指某事发生的）时刻，时候
They are really quite cute，but the truth is，koalas are very sensitive creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time eating，sleeping，and hanging onto tree trunks，so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this，the government began to make laws against touching koalas，in the interest of animal protection，as well as public safety. So，if you see one in the wild，you shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it. If you want to hold a koala，you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
考拉确实十分可爱，但事实是，考拉是非常敏感的动物，即便只是环境中的微小变化都会让它们惊慌失措。它们大部分时间都在吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类互动会给它们带来极大的压力。因此，政府开始立法禁止触摸考拉，也是出于对保护动物和公共安全的考虑。所以，如果你在野外看到一只考拉，你不要靠近它去把它抱起来或即便是去触摸它。如果你想要抱抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。

so /səʊ/ conjunction (SENTENCE BEGINNING)
used before you introduce a subject of conversation that is of present interest, especially when you are asking a question
【在您介绍当前感兴趣的对话主题之前使用，尤其是在您提出问题时】
（表示引出谈话内容，尤用于提问）那么
So，we've talked about some cute animals. What about animals which aren't so cute?
我们已经谈了一些可爱的动物，那么，不太可爱的动物呢？

creature /ˈkriː.tʃər/ noun [ C ]
any large or small living thing that can move independently
生物；动物

Tasmanian[tæzˈmeɪnɪən]adj.
of or relating to Tasmania
塔斯马尼亚（澳大利亚唯一的岛州）的

devil /ˈdev.əl/ noun (EVIL BEING[ˈiːvl 恶魔])[ C ]
an evil being, often represented in human form but with a tail and horns
【长着尾巴和角的魔鬼，常以人的形象出现】
魔鬼，恶魔，妖魔

come across sth
came | come
to find something by chance
偶然发现；碰见；无意中发现

scare /skeər/ verb [ I or T ]
to (make a person or animal) feel frightened
（使）惊恐，（使）害怕；受惊吓，感到害怕

hunt /hʌnt/ verb [I or T] (CHASE)
to chase and try to catch and kill an animal or bird for food, sport, or profit
【为了食物、运动或利益而追逐并试图捕捉或杀死动物或鸟】
狩猎，捕猎

loud /laʊd/ adjective, adverb
making a lot of noise
吵闹的，大声的，响亮的

cry /kraɪ/ [ C ]
the noise that a bird or animal makes
（鸟或动物的）叫声

wake /weɪk/ verb [ I or T ]
to (cause someone to) become awake[əˈweɪk 醒着的] and conscious[ˈkɒnʃəs 清醒的] after sleeping
醒来；叫醒，吵醒

frightening /ˈfraɪ.tən.ɪŋ/ adjective
making you feel fear[fɪə(r) 害怕]
可怕的，令人恐惧的

rather /ˈrɑː.ðər/ adverb (MORE EXACTLY)
more accurately; more exactly
更确切些；更准确地说

rat /ræt/ noun [C] (ANIMAL)
a small rodent【ˈrəʊdnt 啮齿[niè chǐ]动物】, larger than a mouse, that has a long tail and is considered to be harmful
【一种比老鼠大的小型啮齿动物，尾巴很长，被认为是有害的】
鼠；老鼠；大家鼠

terrible adjective (UNPLEASANT)
very unpleasant[ʌnˈpleznt 令人不舒服的] or serious or of low quality
糟糕的；可怕的；严重的；低劣的

diet /ˈdaɪ.ət/ noun[ C or U ]
the food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group
（日常）饮食

generally /ˈdʒen.ə r.əl.i/ adverb
usually, or in most situations
通常，一般地，大多数情况下

violent /ˈvaɪə.lənt/ adjective (CAUSING HURT)
using force to hurt or attack
【用武力伤害或攻击】
使用暴力的；强暴的

towards /təˈwɔːdz/ preposition (MOVEMENT)
in the direction of, or closer to someone or something
【朝着某人或某物的方向或靠近某人或某物的方向】
向，朝；对着
My favourite is a little creature called the Tasmanian devil. If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one，the experience might scare you! Tasmanian devils hunt at night，so you won't usually see them，but you may hear their loud cries when they are fighting or eating. The noise they make could wake the dead. Frightening! They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. They also have a terrible smell! Their diet is mostly dead animals. Fortunately，despite their name，they are generally not violent towards people.
我最喜欢的是一种被称为塔斯马尼亚恶魔的小动物。如果你在塔斯马尼亚野外露营时遇到一只，那经历可能会吓到你！塔斯马尼亚恶魔在夜间捕食，所以你通常不会看到它们，然而当它们打架或者吃东西时，你会听到它们震耳的嚎叫声。它们发出来的噪音能把死人叫醒。十分恐怖！它们个头跟小狗差不多，看起来像只大黑鼠。它们身上还有一股难闻的气味！它们的食物主要是动物的尸体。幸运的是，尽管它们名为“恶魔”，但是它们基本上对人类没有攻击性。

bill /bɪl/ noun (BIRD)[ C ]
the beak【/biːk/（鸟类的）嘴，喙】 of a bird
鸟嘴，喙[huì 鸟兽的嘴]

platypus /ˈplæt.ɪ.pəs/ noun [ C ]
(also duck-billed platypus)
an Australian river mammal[ˈmæml 哺乳动物] with a wide beak whose young are born from eggs
【一种澳大利亚河流哺乳动物，长着宽喙，其幼崽从蛋中诞生】
鸭嘴兽

some /sʌm/ determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 限定词] (PARTICULAR THING[特别的事情])
used to refer to a particular person or thing without stating exactly which one
【用于指代一个特定的人或事物，但没有明确说明是哪一个】
某个（人或物）
Australia also has some animals that many people have never heard of，for example，the duck-billed platypus. Is that some kind of bird?
澳大利亚还有一些许多人从未听说过的动物，例如鸭嘴兽。那是某种鸟吗？

while /waɪl/ conjunction (ALTHOUGH)
despite the fact that; although
虽然；尽管

lay /leɪ/ verb (PRODUCE EGGS)[ I or T ]
laid[leɪd]｜laid[leɪd]
(of an animal or bird) to produce eggs from out of the body
产（卵）；产（蛋）

nest /nest/ noun [C] (HOME)
a structure built by birds or insects to leave their eggs in to develop, and by some other animals to give birth or live in
【巢鸟或昆虫为了产卵而建造的巢，以及其他一些动物用来分娩或居住的巢】
（鸟类或昆虫的）窝，巢；某些动物的穴

primitive /ˈprɪm.ɪ.tɪv/ adjective
relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system
原始的，早期的，远古的

biology[baɪˈɒlədʒi]n.
生物学；生命机理；生理习性；生物特性

hatch /hætʃ/ verb (EGG)[ I or T ]
to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out
孵出，孵蛋，出壳

nurse /nɜːs/ verb [T] (FEED 喂养；吃奶)
When a woman nurses a baby, she feeds it with milk from her breasts[brest 乳房].
When a baby nurses or when its mother nurses it, it feeds by sucking milk from its mother's breast.
给（婴儿）哺乳；给（婴儿）喂奶；（婴儿）吃奶

1.dive /daɪv/ verb (IN WATER)
to jump into water, especially with your head and arms going in first, or to move down under the water
（尤指头和手臂先入水的）跳水；下潜

2.dive /daɪv/ verb [ I ]
to swim underwater, usually with breathing equipment
（通常指携带呼吸设备的）潜水

hair /heər/ noun [ C or U ]
the mass[mæs 大量] of thin thread[θred 线]-like structures on the head of a person, or any of these structures that grow out of the skin of a person or animal
【人头上的大量细线状结构，或从人或动物的皮肤上长出来的任何这些结构】
（人的）头发；（人或动物的）汗毛，毛发

sight /saɪt/ noun (ABILITY TO SEE)[ U ]
the ability to see
视力

smell /smel/ noun (ABILITY)[ U ]
the ability to notice or discover that a substance is present[ˈprez.ənt adj. 存在的] by using your nose
嗅觉

present /ˈprez.ənt/ adjective (IN A PLACE)[ after verb ]
in a particular place
出席的，在场的，存在的

capacity /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/ noun
the ability to do a particular thing
办事能力

sensor /ˈsen.sər/ noun [ C ]
a device that is used to record that something is present or that there are changes in something
传感器

handful /ˈhænd.fʊl/ noun (A FEW)[ S ]
a small number of people or things
少数，少量
Not at all. While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird，it's really a primitive mammal，with a unique biology. Its eggs hatch after about ten days，and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals. Its nose looks like a duck's bill，and it has feet like a duck's so it can dive under the water，but it's covered in hair. Do you know what's really strange about a platypus? The platypus doesn't use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!
完全不是。虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。它的蛋大约十天后孵化出来，然后新生鸭嘴兽像其他所有哺乳动物一样由母亲哺乳。它的鼻子看起来像鸭嘴，脚也跟鸭子的一样，所以它可以潜到水下，但它浑身都是毛。你知道鸭嘴兽真正奇怪的地方是什么吗？鸭嘴兽并非用视觉或嗅觉来觅食。它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数！
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