选修四册第三单元阅读讲解

选修四册第三单元第26页阅读讲解

reach /riːtʃ/ verb (ARRIVE)[ T ]
to arrive at a place, especially after spending a long time or a lot of effort travelling
（尤指经过很长时间或费很大气力旅行后）到达，抵达

out /aʊt/ adverb, preposition (FAR AWAY)
a long distance away from land, a town, or your own country
离（大陆、城市或祖国）很远，遥远地

across /əˈkrɒs/ adverb, preposition
from one side to the other of something with clear[klɪə(r) 明确的] limits[ˈlɪmɪt 界限], such as an area of land, a road, or a river
从一边到另一边；穿过；横过
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
跨海越洋

curiosity /ˌkjʊə.riˈɒs.ə.ti/ noun (INTEREST)[ U ]
an eager wish to know or learn about something
【渴望知道或了解某事的渴望】
好奇心；求知欲

form /fɔːm/ verb[ I or T ]
to begin to exist or to make something begin to exist
（使）出现，（使）形成，（使）产生；构成，是……的组成部分

foundation /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən/ noun (BEGIN)[ U ]
an occasion when an organization, state, etc. is established
【一个组织、国家等建立的时刻】
创建；建立；基础

mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ noun [ U ]
(also humankind)
the whole of the human race[reɪs 人种，种族], including both men and women
人类

complete /kəmˈpliːt/ verb [T] (FINISH)
to finish doing something
完成；完工；结束

passion /ˈpæʃ.ən/ noun [ C or U ]
a very powerful feeling, for example of sexual attraction, love, hate, anger, or other emotion
激情，热情；强烈情感

civilization /ˌsɪv.əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ noun (DEVELOPED SOCIETY)[ C or U ]
(UK usually civilisation)
human society with its well developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time
文明社会；（特定时期特定社会或国家的）文明，文化

tale /teɪl/ noun [ C ]
a story, especially one that might be invented[ɪnˈvent 虚构] or difficult to believe
（尤指包含离奇内容的）故事，不实之词

route /ruːt/ noun [ C ]
a particular way or direction between places
路线；路途；航线

merchant /ˈmɜː.tʃənt/ noun [ C ]
a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries
商人；（尤指外贸）批发商

set sail /seɪl/
to begin a boat journey
启航，开船
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。

overland /ˈəʊ.və.lænd/ adjective, adverb
(of travel) across the land in a vehicle, on foot, or on a horse; not by sea or air
（旅行）横跨陆地（的）；从陆路（的）

extend verb (REACH)
[ I usually + adv/prep ]
to reach, stretch[stretʃ 伸展], or continue
伸展，延伸；延续

merchant /ˈmɜː.tʃənt/ noun [ C ]
a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries
商人；（尤指外贸）批发商

negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ verb (DISCUSS)[ I or T ]
to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them
（就…）谈判，（就…）磋商

deal /diːl/ noun (AGREEMENT)[ C ]
an agreement or an arrangement, especially in business
（尤指商业上的）协议，交易

awareness /əˈweə.nəs/ noun [ U ]
knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the present time based on information or experience
认识，意识

exploration /ˌek.spləˈreɪ.ʃən/ noun [ C or U ]
the activity of searching and finding out about something
探测；勘查；探索；研究

as /æz/ adverb
used in comparisons to refer to the degree of something
（用于比较）像…（一样），和…（一样）；例如，诸如
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印度、中东和罗马，这条路后来就是闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰（今斯里兰卡）为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。

further /ˈfɜː.ðər/ adverb
comparative of far : to a greater distance or degree, or at a more advanced level
【达到更大的距离或程度，或达到更高的水平】
（far 的比较级）更远地，在更大程度上；进一步地

relation /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ noun (FRIENDSHIP)
relations [ plural ]
the way in which two people or groups of people feel and behave towards each other
（人际或团体之间的）关系，联系，交往

fleet /fliːt/ noun [C] (SHIPS)
a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country's navy[ˈneɪvi 海军]
船队；（一国的）全部舰队，海军

voyage /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/ noun [ C ]
a long journey, especially by ship
航海；航行

behold /bɪˈhəʊld/ verb [ T ] old use or literary【旧时用法或文学上的】
beheld | beheld
to see or look at someone or something
看见；注视

league /liːɡ/ noun [C] (SPORT)
a group of teams playing a sport who take part in competitions between each other
（体育项目）联合会，联赛，联盟

command /kəˈmɑːnd/ noun (ORDER)[ U ]
control over someone or something and responsibility for him, her, or it
指挥；控制；管辖

royal /ˈrɔɪ.əl/ adjective
belonging or connected to a king or queen or a member of their family
国王的；女王的；王室的

send gifts
赠送礼物

gesture /ˈdʒes.tʃər/ noun [C] (SYMBOLIC ACT)
an action that expresses your feelings or intentions[ɪnˈtenʃn 意图], although it might have little practical effect[ɪˈfekt 效果]
姿态；表示

spice /spaɪs/ noun (FOOD)[ C or U ]
a substance made from a plant, used to give a special flavour[ˈfleɪvə(r) 味道] to food
（调味）香料

return /rɪˈtɜːn/ noun (EXCHANGE)
in return
in exchange[ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ 交换]
作为交换；作为回报

withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ verb (REMOVE)[ I or T ]
withdrew | withdrawn
to take or move out or back, or to remove[rɪˈmuːv 去除]
抽回；取回；提取；撤回；撤离；退出；移回

expedition /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/ noun (JOURNEY)[ C ]
an organized journey for a particular purpose
远征；探险，考察

remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ verb[ I or L ] formal
to stay in the same place or in the same condition[kənˈdɪʃn 状况]
停留，留下；保持不变，仍然是

channel /ˈtʃæn.əl/ noun [C] (COMMUNICATING)
a way of communicating with people or getting something done【(或)完成某事】
（交流的）途径，渠道
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold，silk，and spices. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋开展贸易和探索。当时，这些船队极为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从南中国海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。

revisit verb [T] (PLACE)
to go to a place again
重访（某地）

maritime /ˈmær.ɪ.taɪm/ adjective formal
connected with human activity at sea
海运的；航海的；海事的

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ noun (NEW PLAN)[ C ]
a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem
倡议；新措施

cooperation /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ noun [ U ]
the act of working together with someone or doing what they ask you
合作，协作；配合

strengthen /ˈstreŋ.θən/ verb [ I or T ]
to make something stronger or more effective, or to become stronger or more effective
增强，加强；巩固

bond noun (CONNECTION)[ C ]
a close connection joining two or more people
纽带；联系；关系

invest /ɪnˈvest/ verb [ I or T ]
to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit[ˈprɒfɪt 收益] or get an advantage
投（资），投入
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。作为“一带一路”倡议的组成部分，“21世纪海上丝绸之路”让郑和曾经走过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。

leave /liːv/ verb (NOT TAKE)[ T ]
left | left
to not take something or someone with you when you go, either intentionally[ɪnˈtɛnʃənli 有意地] or by accident[baɪ ˈæksɪdənt 无意地]
遗留，遗忘

the Arctic /ˈɑːk.tɪk/ GEOGRAPHY
the very cold area around the North Pole
北极，北极地区

point of view /ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈvjuː/ noun [ C ]
plural points of view
a way of considering something
（思考的）角度，着眼点

urgent /ˈɜː.dʒənt/ adjective (IMPORTANT)
needing attention very soon, especially before anything else, because important
紧急的，急迫的

effect /ɪˈfekt/ noun (RESULT)[ C or U ]
the result of a particular influence
效果；影响；结果
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore. In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。

1.on /ɒn/ adverb (NOT STOPPING)
continuing or not stopping
继续下去；不停地

2.on /ɒn/ adverb (MOVING FORWARD)
continuing forward[ˈfɔːwəd 向前] in time or space
向前，前进地

latest /ˈleɪ.tɪst/ adjective [ before noun ]
newest or most recent or modern
最新的；最近的；最先进的

in hand [ɪn hænd] adv.
being worked on or dealt with now
在进行中，在处理中，在控制中

enhance /ɪnˈhæns/ verb [ T ]
to improve the quality, amount, or strength[streŋθ 强度] of something
提高；增加；增强；增进

drive /draɪv/ verb (PROVIDE POWER)[ T ]
drove | driven
to provide the power to keep a machine working, or to make something happen
驱动；推动

far into the future
遥远的未来
Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。

选修四册第三单元第32页阅读讲解

text 1:
文本一：

talk of
谈论，议论；谈到，说到

explore /ɪkˈsplɔːr/ verb [ I or T ]
to search and discover (about something)
探测；勘查；探索；研究

exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ verb [T] (USE WELL)
to use something in a way that helps you
利用；开发；发挥

exploration /ˌek.spləˈreɪ.ʃən/ noun [ C or U ]
the activity of searching and finding out about something
探测；勘查；探索；研究
When people talk of exploring the sea more，they usually mean exploiting it. Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more.
人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋勘探已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。

deepwater(deep-water) /ˌdiːpˈwɔː.tər/ adjective [ before noun ]
happening or found in deep water in the sea, lakes, or rivers
深海的，深水的，在深水中的

horizon /həˈraɪ.zən/ noun [ S ]
the line at the farthest place that you can see, where the sky seems to touch the land or sea
地平线

spill /spɪl/ verb [ I or T, usually + adv/prep ]
spilled or UK also spilt | spilled or UK also spilt
to (cause to) flow, move, fall, or spread over the edge or outside the limits of something
【（使）在某物的边缘或界限之外流动、移动、坠落或蔓延】
（使）洒出；（使）流出；（使）溅出；（使）涌出

gallon /ˈɡæl.ən/ noun[ C ]
a unit for measuring[measure ˈmeʒə(r) 测量] volume[ˈvɒljuːm 体积;容积]
【测量容积的单位】
加仑（液量单位，英制合 4.55 升，美制合 3.79 升）

oil /ɔɪl/ noun (FUEL[ˈfjuːəl 燃料])[ U ]
petroleum[pəˈtrəʊliəm 石油] (= the black oil obtained[əbˈteɪn 获得] from under the earth's surface from which petrol[ˈpetrəl 汽油] comes)
石油，原油

plastic /ˈplæs.tɪk/ noun (SUBSTANCE)[ C or U ]
an artificial[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl 人造的] substance[ˈsʌbstəns 物质] that can be shaped[ʃeɪp 塑造] when soft into many different forms[fɔːm 形状] and has many different uses[juːs 用途]
塑料

bad[bæd]adj.
严重的；有害的

tap /tæp/ noun (DEVICE)[ C ] UK
(US faucet[ˈfɔːsɪt 水龙头])
a device that controls the flow of liquid, especially water, from a pipe
【控制液体，尤其是水从管道中流动的装置】
（水）龙头，阀门

tap water /ˈtæp ˌwɔː.tər/ noun [ U ]
the water that comes out of the taps in a building that are connected to the main supply[səˈplaɪ 供应] of the local water system
【从建筑物的水龙头流出的水，与当地供水系统的主要供水系统相连】
自来水
More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also bad，killing many birds and fish，and has even been found in our tap water.
扩大勘探意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。

mine /maɪn/ verb (DIG)[ I or T ]
to dig coal or another substance[ˈsʌbstəns 物质] out of the ground
采，开采（煤等）

damaging /ˈdæm.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/ adjective
causing harm【造成伤害】
有破坏性的，有害的，产生危害的

climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ noun (WEATHER)[ C or U ]
the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place
气候

melt /melt/ verb (BECOME LIQUID)[ I or T ]
to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid, or to cause something to do this
（使）融化；（使）熔化；（使）溶解

negative /ˈneɡ.ə.tɪv/ adjective (BAD)
bad or harmful
不良的；坏的；有害的

wrong /rɒŋ/ adjective (NOT WORKING)[ after verb ]
not working correctly
（状况）有问题的，不正常运转的；出毛病的
Mining for resources is very damaging，especially in the Arctic. Because of climate change，there is less ice now，which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north. But if we burn these，the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue. Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong.
资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。

overfishing /ˌəʊ.vəˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/ noun [ U ]
catching too many fish in an area of the sea, so that there are not many fish left there
过度捕捞

so-called /ˌsəʊˈkɔːld/ adjective [ before noun ]
used to show that you think a word that is used to describe someone or something is not suitable or not correct
所谓的，号称的

ban /bæn/ verb [ T usually passive ]
-nn-
to forbid (= refuse to allow) something, especially officially
（尤指官方）禁止

mercy /ˈmɜː.si/ noun (KINDNESS)[ U ]
kindness that makes you forgive someone, usually someone that you have authority over
慈悲，怜悯；仁慈，宽容
Overfishing is another problem. Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research. Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。

possession /pəˈzeʃ.ən/ noun [ C usually plural ]
something that you own or that you are carrying with you at a particular time
所有物，个人物品；财产

huge /hjuːdʒ/ adjective
extremely large in size or amount
巨大的，庞大的

generation /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ noun (AGE GROUP)[ C, + sing/pl verb ]
all the people of about the same age within a society or within a particular family
（社会或家庭的）一代（人），同代人，同辈人
The sea is home to life，not human beings' possessions. It is huge，but it is more sensitive than we think. If we do not protect it，future generations will not forgive us.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。

Text 2:
文本二：

opponent /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ noun [ C ]
a person who disagrees with something and speaks against it or tries to change it
反对者

may /meɪ/ modal verb (POSSIBILITY)
used to express possibility[ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti 可能（性）]
（表示可能性）可能，也许

concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ adjective (WORRIED)
worried
担心的；忧虑的；挂念的；忧心忡忡的

address /əˈdres/ verb [T] (DEAL WITH)
to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem
对付，应付；处理

issue /ˈɪʃ.uː/ noun [C] (SUBJECT)
a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about
问题；议题
To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future. For example，scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change. We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. Therefore，more research is necessary.
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。

manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/ verb (CONTROL)[ T ]
to be responsible for controlling or organizing someone or something, especially a business or employees
管理，掌管；经营（尤指企业）

resource /ˈriː.sɔːs/ noun[ C usually plural ]
a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person
【一个国家、组织或个人的有用或有价值的财产或品质】
资源；财力；素质

log /lɒɡ/ verb (RECORD)[ T ]
to officially record something
正式记录，记载

species /ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ noun [ C ]
plural species
a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed[briːd 交配繁殖] with each other
（动植物的）种，物种

source /sɔːs/ noun [ C ]
the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause[kɔːz 起因] of something
来源，出处；发源地；起源，根源

access /ˈæk.ses/ verb [ T ]
to open a computer file (= a collection of information stored on a computer) in order to look at or change information in it
接近，进入；读取（电脑文档）

predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ verb [ T ]
to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as a result of knowledge or experience
预言；预料，预计
Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may help us discover new medicines，as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes.
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。

grow /ɡrəʊ/ verb (INCREASE)[ I or L or T ]
grew | grown
to increase in size or amount, or to become more advanced or developed
【增加规模或数量，或变得更先进或发达】
增多；增大；增强；增长；成长；长大

probably /ˈprɒb.ə.bli/ adverb
used to mean that something is very likely
很可能；大概

vast /væst/ adjective
extremely[ɪkˈstriːmli 极其] big
巨大的；广大的

amount[əˈmaʊnt]n.
数量

oil /ɔɪl/ noun (FUEL[ˈfjuːəl 燃料])[ U ]
petroleum[pəˈtrəʊliəm 石油] (= the black oil obtained[əbˈteɪn 获得] from under the earth's surface from which petrol[ˈpetrəl 汽油] comes)
石油，原油

gas /ɡæs/ noun (AIR SUBSTANCE)[ C or U ]
a substance in a form like air that is used as a fuel for heating and cooking
气体燃料，煤气，天然气

mineral /ˈmɪn.ər.əl/ noun (SUBSTANCE)[ C ]
a valuable or useful chemical substance that is formed naturally in the ground
矿物
The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice，not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。

risk /rɪsk/ noun[ C or U ]
the possibility of something bad happening
【坏事发生的可能性】
风险；危险

hopefully /ˈhəʊp.fəl.i/ adverb
used, often at the start of a sentence, to express what you would like to happen
【通常用在句首，表达你想要发生的事情】
（常用于句首）但愿，真希望

as /æz/ conjunction (WHILE)
during the time that
当…时；在…的同时；随着

option /ˈɒp.ʃən/ noun[ C or U ]
one thing that can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice
选择，选项；选择权
Of course，there are still environmental risks. However，these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully，as technology improves，we may have more options for managing this balance.
当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
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