选修四册第四单元阅读讲解

选修四册第四单元第38页阅读讲解

volunteer /ˌvɒl.ənˈtɪər/ verb[ I or T ]
to offer to do something that you do not have to do, often without having been asked to do it and/or without expecting payment
【主动提出做一些你不需要做的事情，通常没有被要求去做和/或没有期望得到报酬】
自愿做；无偿做；作志愿者；主动提出做

bush /bʊʃ/ noun (AREA OF LAND)
the bush [ S ]
(especially in Australia and Africa) an area of land covered with bushes and trees that has never been used for growing crops and where there are very few people
【（尤其是在澳大利亚和非洲）一片长满灌木和树木的土地，从未用于种植庄稼，而且这里的人很少】
（尤指澳大利亚和非洲长满灌木丛和树的）荒野，丛林地
VOLUNTEERING IN THE BUSH
丛林里的志愿行动

8 March
3月8日

damaged /ˈdæm.ɪdʒd/ adjective
harmed or spoiled
【受到伤害或被破坏的】
受损的，受害的；遭破坏的

nice /naɪs/ adjective (PLEASANT)
pleasant, enjoyable, or satisfactory
【令人愉快的，使人快乐的或令人满意的】
愉快的；美好的；满意的

die /daɪ/ verb [ I ]
dying | died
to stop living or existing, either suddenly or slowly
死去，死亡，过世

be dying for/to do sth
to be extremely eager to have or do something
极想得到，极想做
I just got a parcel from home! It took about two weeks to arrive，and it was a bit damaged，but it was so nice to get some sweets and jam from home；I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets，and it's always nice to get mail!
我刚收到一个从家里寄来的包裹！大约花了两周的时间包裹才到达，而且有点破损，但是真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱；我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！

so /səʊ/ conjunction (SENTENCE BEGINNING)
used at the beginning of a sentence to connect it with something that has been said or has happened previously[ˈpriːviəsli 先前]
（放在句首，表示和已说过或已发生过的事相联系）如此，这样，那么

previously /ˈpriː.vi.əs.li/ adverb
before the present time or the time referred to
以前地，先前地

secondary /ˈsek.ən.dri/ adjective (EDUCATION)[ before noun ] mainly UK
relating to[关于] the education of children approximately[əˈprɒksɪmətli 大约] between the ages of 11 and 18 years old
中学的

relate /rɪˈleɪt/ to sb/sth
to be connected to, or to be about someone or something
涉及；与…相关；有关

secondary school /ˈsek.ən.dri ˌskuːl/ noun [ C or U ] mainly UK
a school for children between the ages of 11 and 18, approximately
中学

clay /kleɪ/ noun [ U ]
thick, heavy soil that is soft when wet, and hard when dry or baked, used for making bricks and containers
【厚而重的土壤，潮湿时柔软，干燥或烘烤时坚硬，用于制砖和容器】
黏土，陶土

floor /flɔːr/ noun (SURFACE)[ C usually singular ]
the flat[flæt 平的] surface of a room on which you walk
（房间的）地板，地面

down /daʊn/ preposition (ALONG)
along
沿着，顺

dust /dʌst/ noun [ U ]
dry dirt[dɜːt 污垢] in the form[fɔːm 形式] of powder[ˈpaʊdə(r) 粉末] that covers surfaces inside a building, or very small dry pieces of soil[sɔɪl 土壤], sand[sænd 沙子], or other substances[ˈsʌbstəns 物质]
【以粉末形式覆盖建筑物内表面的干燥污垢，或非常小的干燥土壤、沙子或其他物质】
灰尘；尘土；沙土

dusty /ˈdʌs.ti/ adjective
covered in dust
布满灰尘的；尘土飞扬的

track /træk/ noun (PATH)[ C ] UK
a path or rough[rʌf 高低不平的] road that is made of soil[sɔɪl 土壤] rather than having a surface covered with stone[stəʊn 石头] or other material[məˈtɪəriəl 材料]
【由土壤而不是用石头或其他材料覆盖表面的路径或崎岖（高低不平的）道路】
小道，小径

weed noun (PLANT)[ C ]
any wild plant that grows in an unwanted[ˌʌnˈwɒntɪd 不需要的] place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents[prɪˈvent 阻止] the cultivated[ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd 栽培的] plants from growing freely
【在不需要的地方生长的任何野生植物，尤指在花园或田野中，它阻止栽培植物自由生长】
杂草；野草

ground /ɡraʊnd/ noun (LAND)
grounds [ plural ]
the gardens and land that surround[səˈraʊnd 围绕] a building and often have a wall or fence[fens 栅栏] around them
【建筑物周围的花园和土地，周围通常有墙或栅栏】
（常由墙或栅栏围起来的建筑物周围的）庭院，场地，花园

greet /ɡriːt/ verb[ T ]
to welcome someone with particular words or a particular action
问候；迎接；向…打招呼

chorus /ˈkɔː.rəs/ noun (SPEAKING TOGETHER)[ C usually singular ]
many people speaking together or saying a similar thing at the same time
齐声说；异口同声地说

up to /ˈʌp ˌtuː/ adverb
used to say that something is less than or equal to but not more than a stated[ˈsteɪtɪd 规定的] value, number, or level
接近于；至多
So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now. My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo，with clay floors and roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. When I reach the school grounds，I'm greeted by a chorus of “good morning” from the boys. Unlike students in our country，these boys do not wear cotton uniforms，and many of them also have to walk a long way，sometimes for up to two hours，just to get to school.
到现在我已经在丛林里待了大约一个月了。我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。教室是用竹子搭建的，黏土夯的地面，茅草搭的屋顶。沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉制校服，他们中的很多人得长途跋涉，有时长达两个小时才能到学校。

running water /ˌrʌn.ɪŋ ˈwɔː.tər/ noun [ U ]
water supplied to a house by pipes
【通过管道向房屋供水】
自来水

lap /læp/ noun (LEGS)[ C usually singular ]
the top surface of the upper part of the legs of a person who is sitting down
（坐着时的）大腿部

laptop /ˈlæp.tɒp/ noun [ C ]
(also laptop computer)
a computer that is small enough to be carried around easily and is flat when closed
膝上型计算机，手提电脑，便携式电脑，笔记本电脑

tablet /ˈtæb.lət/ noun [C] (COMPUTER)
(also tablet computer)
a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen
掌上电脑；平板电脑

device /dɪˈvaɪs/ noun [C] (MACHINE)
an object or machine that has been invented for a particular purpose
设备；装置，器械

rubber /ˈrʌb.ər/ noun[ C ] UK<英>
an eraser mainly US<美>
橡皮

adapt /əˈdæpt/ verb (BECOME FAMILIAR)[ I ]
to become familiar[fəˈmɪliə(r) 熟悉的] with a new situation[ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn 情况]
【熟悉新情况】
适应；适合

condition /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/ noun
conditions [ plural ]
the physical[ˈfɪzɪkl 客观存在的] situation that someone or something is in and affected by
【某人或某物所处并受其影响的客观环境】
物质条件；情况；实际环境

imaginative /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nə.tɪv/ adjective
good at thinking of new, original, and clever ideas
【善于思考新的，原创的，聪明的想法】
富于想象力的，有创意的

challenging /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/ adjective
difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination[dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn 决心]
【困难，在某种程度上考验你的能力或决心】
有难度的；具有挑战性的；考验人的

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

concept /ˈkɒn.sept/ noun [ C ]
a principle[ˈprɪnsəpl 原则] or idea
【原则或想法】
原则；概念；观念；想法

experiment /ɪkˈsper.ɪ.mənt/ noun [ C or U ]
a test done in order to learn something or to discover if something works or is true
实验；试验；试用

equipment /ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/ noun [ U ]
the set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular purpose
设备；器材；用具

since /sɪns/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because; as
因为；既然

basin /ˈbeɪ.sən/ noun [C] (CONTAINER)mainly UK
an open, round container shaped like a bowl with sloping[ˈsləʊpɪŋ 倾斜的] sides, used for holding food or liquid
【一种开口的圆形容器，形状像碗，有倾斜的边，用来装食物或液体】
盆；水盆

rigid /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/ adjective
not able to be changed or persuaded[persuade pəˈsweɪd 说服]
【不能被改变或说服的】
顽固的；不易改变的

the other day
a few days ago
前几天，几天前

when /wen/ adverb, conjunction
at what time; at the time at which
什么时候，何时；就在那时

bubble /ˈbʌb.əl/ verb [ I ]
to produce bubbles
冒泡

spill /spɪl/ verb [ I or T, usually + adv/prep ]
spilled or UK also spilt | spilled or UK also spilt
to (cause to) flow, move, fall, or spread over the edge or outside the limits of something
【(使)流动、移动、下降或蔓延到某物的边缘或界限之外】
（使）洒出；（使）流出；（使）溅出；（使）涌出

circus /ˈsɜː.kəs/ noun (ENTERTAINMENT)[ C or S ]
a group of travelling performers including acrobats[ˈækrəbæt 杂技演员] (= people skilled in difficult physical movements) or those who work with trained animals, or a performance by such people usually in a large tent
【一群旅行表演者，包括杂技演员（= 擅长高难度身体动作的人）或与受过训练的动物一起工作的人，或这些人通常在大帐篷里的表演】
马戏团；马戏演员；马戏表演

as /æz/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because
因为，由于

come across sth
came | come
to find something by chance
偶然发现；碰见；无意中发现

wonder /ˈwʌn.dər/ verb (QUESTION)[ I ]
to ask yourself questions or express a wish to know about something
疑惑；想知道

relevant /ˈrel.ə.vənt/ adjective
correct or suitable for a particular purpose
正确的；适宜的；有价值的，有意义的

ever /ˈev.ər/ adverb (AT ANY TIME)
at any time
在任何时候；从来

anyway /ˈen.i.weɪ/ adverb
(also anyhow)
whatever else is happening, without considering other things
【无论发生什么，不考虑其他事情】
不管怎样；无论如何；仍然

to be honest /ˈɒn.ɪst/
老实说；说实话

doubt /daʊt/ verb [ T ]
to not feel certain or confident about something or to think that something is not probable[ˈprɒbəbl 可能的]
【对某事不确定或不自信，或认为某事不可能发生】
怀疑；不确定，不肯定

at all /ˌət ˈɔːl/ adverb
(used to make negatives and questions stronger) in any way or of any type
【(用于增强否定和疑问句的语气)以任何方式或任何形式】
（用于否定句和疑问句，表示强调）根本，无论如何，丝毫，一点儿
There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks，not to mention laptops，tablets，or other modern devices! All the students have are pencils，rubbers，and paper. I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. There is no equipment，and since there isn't even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin! It's important not to be too rigid about rules here，too. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! The class became a circus as the boys，who had never come across anything like this before，started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students——few will ever become chemists——and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest，I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives[laɪvz] at all.
这里没有电，没有自来水，甚至也没有教科书，更不用说笔记本电脑、平板电脑或其他现代化设备了！学生们只有铅笔、橡皮和纸。我还在努力适应这些条件。在我的教学中，我不得不变得更有想象力。科学课是我最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生没有做实验的概念。这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！在这里，很重要的一点是也不能太墨守成规。几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！班上乱成了马戏团，男孩们纷纷跳窗跑走，因为他们以前从没遇到过像这样的事情。有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何在八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来丝毫的不同。

17 April
4月17日

remote /rɪˈməʊt/ adjective (DISTANT[ˈdɪstənt 遥远的])
A remote area, house, or village is a long way from any towns or cities.
边远的；偏僻的；僻静的

1.to /tuː/ preposition (CONNECTION)
in connection with
与…相关

2.to /tuː/ preposition (BELONGING)
matching or belonging to
与…相配；属于

up /ʌp/ preposition (HIGHER)
to or in a higher level or position
在（或向）较高水平（或位置）

fantastic /fænˈtæs.tɪk/ adjective (GOOD)informal
extremely good
极好的

view /vjuː/ noun (SIGHT[saɪt 景象])[ C or U ]
what you can see from a particular place, or the ability to see from a particular place
（从某处看到的）景色；景象；视野；视域

down /daʊn/ preposition (LOWER POSITION)
in or towards a low or lower position, from a higher one
在下面；向下，朝下

shade /ʃeɪd/ verb (STOP LIGHT)[ T ]
to prevent direct light from shining[shine ʃaɪn 照射] on something
【防止直射光照射到某物上】
给…遮住直射光线

shine /ʃaɪn/ verb (LIGHT)[ I ]
shone or shined
to send out or reflect light
照耀；发光；反光

valley /ˈvæl.i/ noun [ C ]
an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it
谷；山谷，溪谷

cry /kraɪ/ verb [I or T] (SHOUT)
to call out loudly
【大声喊叫】
叫；喊；大声说

related /rɪˈleɪ.tɪd/ adjective (FAMILY)
If people are related, they belong to the same family.
有亲戚关系的；有亲缘关系的；属同一家族的
Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village，home to one of our students，Tombe. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there——first，up a mountain from where we had fantastic views，and then down a shaded path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village，Tombe's mother，Kiak，saw us coming and started crying “ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be related to Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，我们的学生汤贝的家在那里。我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。我们到达村子时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到来，就“唉咿——唉咿——”地叫了起来。我们和所有的村民握手。每个人似乎都是汤贝的亲戚。

jaw /dʒɔː/ noun (BODY PART)[ C ]
the lower part of your face that moves when you open your mouth
下颌，下巴

wrinkled /ˈrɪŋ.kəld/ adjective
(of skin) having small lines because of old age
长满皱纹的

forehead /ˈfɒr.ɪd/ noun [ C ]
the flat part of the face, above the eyes and below the hair
前额，额头

hut /hʌt/ noun [ C ]
a small, simple building, usually consisting of one room
（通常只有一个房间的）小屋

stick /stɪk/ verb (PUSH INTO)[ I or T, usually + adv/prep ]
stuck | stuck
to push a pointed object into or through something, or (of a pointed object) to be pushed into or through something and stay there
【把一个尖的物体推入或穿过某物，或（指一个尖的物体）被推入或穿过某物并停留在那里】
（把）（尖物）刺进，插进；戳

stick out
to go past the surface or edge of something
【穿过某物的表面或边缘】
探出，露出，凸出

housing /ˈhaʊ.zɪŋ/ noun [ U ]
buildings for people to live in
住房，住宅

time /taɪm/ noun (PERIOD)[ S or U ]
a particular period of time for which something has been happening, or that is needed for something
一段时间

adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ verb (BECOME FAMILIAR)[ I ]
to become more familiar with a new situation
适应；习惯

lay /leɪ/ verb (PUT DOWN)[ T usually + adv/prep ]
laid[leɪd] | laid[leɪd]
to put something in especially a flat[flæt 平的] or horizontal[ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl 水平的] position, usually carefully or for a particular purpose
放置，安放，平放；铺，铺放，铺设(尤指在地板上)

platform /ˈplæt.fɔːm/ noun (STRUCTURE)[ C ]
a flat raised[reɪzd 凸起的] area or structure
【平坦的隆起的区域或结构】
平台

fireplace /ˈfaɪə.pleɪs/ noun [ C ]
a space in the wall of a room for a fire to burn in, or the decorated part that surrounds this space
【房间墙壁上供火燃烧的空间，或围绕该空间的装饰部分】
壁炉；火炉

broom /bruːm/ noun (BRUSH)[ C ]
a brush with a long handle[ˈhændl 手柄；柄], used for cleaning the floor
扫帚

saucer /ˈsɔː.sər/ noun [ C ]
a small, curved[kɜːvd 弧形的] plate[pleɪt 盘子] that you put a cup on
【一个可以放杯子的小弧形盘子】
茶碟，碟子，茶托

kettle /ˈket.əl/ noun [C] (EQUIPMENT)
a container for boiling water, that has a lid[lɪd 盖子], handle[ˈhændl 手柄], and spout[spaʊt 喷口；(容器的)嘴] and is made from plastic or metal
【一种盛放沸水的容器，有盖子、把手和喷口，由塑料或金属制成】
水壶，烧水壶

pan[pæn]n.
平底锅

couple /ˈkʌp.əl/ noun (SOME)[ S ]
two or a few things that are similar or the same, or two or a few people who are in some way connected
（相似或相同事物的）一对，一双，几个；（有某种联系之人的）一对，几个

a couple of
　 两个, 几个

jar /dʒɑːr/ noun [C] (CONTAINER)
a glass or clay container with a wide opening at the top and sometimes a fitted[ˈfɪtɪd 合适的] lid, usually used for storing food
【一种玻璃或粘土容器，顶部有一个大开口，有时有一个合适的盖子，通常用于储存食物】
罐子，坛子；广口瓶
Tombe's father，Mukap，a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead，led us to his house，a low，round bamboo hut with no windows，with a door just big enough to get through，and with grass sticking out of the roof——this shows it is a man's house. Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut. The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few saucers，a kettle ，cups，pans，and a couple of jars.
汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。地上铺着新草，还有一个让我和珍妮睡觉的平台。屋子中央有个火炉。我能看到的物品只有一把扫帚、几个碟子、一个水壶，还有几个杯子、平底锅和罐子。

build a fire
生火；起火

lay /leɪ/ verb (PUT DOWN)[ T usually + adv/prep ]
laid[leɪd] | laid[leɪd]
to put something in especially a flat[flæt 平的] or horizontal[ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl 水平的] position, usually carefully or for a particular purpose
【把某物放在一个平的或水平的位置，通常是小心地或为了一个特定的目的】
放置，安放，平放

drum /drʌm/ noun [C] (CONTAINER)
a large tube-like container
【大的管状容器】
桶

sweet potato /ˌswiːt pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ noun [ C ]
a pink vegetable[ˈvedʒtəbl 植物] that looks like a potato and has yellow or white flesh[fleʃ 果肉] and a sweet taste
甘薯，白薯，红薯，番薯

ripe /raɪp/ adjective (FRUIT/CROPS)
(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eaten
【（水果或农作物）完全发育并可以采摘或食用】
（果实或庄稼）成熟的

green /ɡriːn/ noun (FOOD)
greens [ plural ]
the leaves of green vegetables such as spinach[ˈspɪnɪtʃ 菠菜] or cabbage[ˈkæbɪdʒ 甘蓝] when eaten as food
绿叶蔬菜；青菜叶子

leave /liːv/ verb[ T ]
left | left
If you leave something in a particular condition, you do not touch it, move it, or act to change it in any way, so that it stays in the same condition.
使保留；使保持（某种状态）

steam /stiːm/ verb[ T ]
to cook food using steam
蒸（食物）

round /raʊnd/ preposition, adverb (AROUND) mainly UK
(US usually around)
in a circular direction or position; around
【以圆形的方向或位置；围绕】
围绕；环绕；绕过

fire /faɪər/ noun[ C ]
a small controlled fire that is used for heating or cooking
【用于加热或烹饪的小型可控火】
火堆；炉火，灶火

softly /ˈsɒft.li/ adverb
gently[ˈdʒentli 轻轻地]
轻声地；温柔地，轻柔地；柔和地

even though[ˈiːvn ðəʊ]
although
即使；虽然

participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ verb [ I ]
to take part in or become involved[involve ɪnˈvɒlv 加入] in an activity
【参加或参与一项活动】
参与，参加

interpret /ɪnˈtɜː.prɪt/ verb (BETWEEN LANGUAGES)[ I or T ]
to change what someone is saying into another language
解释；翻译，口译
Mukap built a fire outside and laid stones on it to heat. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato)，ripe corn，and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. It smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language，even though I could not participate much in the conversation. Luckily，Tombe interpreted for us.
穆卡普在屋外生了火，然后把石头放在上面加热。接着，他把热石头放入一个空油桶，里面有栲栲（甘薯）、熟玉米和青菜。然后他用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜，把它们蒸上。食物闻起来很香。我们在屋内围着火炉吃饭。我喜欢听这家人用他们的语言轻声地交谈，虽然我无法参与多少他们的谈话。幸好汤贝为我们做了解说。

can /kæn/ noun (CONTAINER)[ C ]
(also tin can); (UK also tin)
a closed[kləʊzd 封闭的] metal[ˈmetl 金属] container, especially cylinder[ˈsɪlɪndə(r) 圆筒]-shaped, in which some types of drink and food are sold
（尤指圆柱形的）罐，筒，听

stand /stænd/ verb (VERTICAL[ˈvɜːtɪkl 垂直的])[ I or T ]
stood | stood
to be in a vertical[ˈvɜːtɪkl 垂直的] state or to put into a vertical state
【处于垂直状态或进入垂直状态】
（使）直立

upside down /ˌʌp.saɪd ˈdaʊn/ adverb, adjective
having the part that is usually at the top turned to be at the bottom
【将通常位于顶部的部分变为底部】
上下颠倒（地），翻转（地）

grill /ɡrɪl/ noun [ C ]
a frame[freɪm 框架] of metal[ˈmetl 金属] bars[bɑː(r) 条状物] over a fire on which food can be put to be cooked
【火上的金属条框架，可以将食物放在上面烘烤】
（置于火上的）烤架

over /ˈəʊ.vər/ preposition (HIGHER POSITION)
above[əˈbʌv 在(或向)…上面] or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other; above
在…上方

above /əˈbʌv/ adverb, preposition (HIGHER POSITION)
in or to a higher position than something else
在（或向）…上面；在（或向）…较高处

throw /θrəʊ/ verb (SEND THROUGH AIR)[ I or T ]
threw[θruː] | thrown[θrəʊn]
to send something through the air with force, especially by a sudden movement of the arm
投；抛；掷；扔

doorway /ˈdɔː.weɪ/ noun [ C ]
the space in a wall where a door opens, or a covered area just outside a door
出入口，门口

dry out[draɪ aʊt]v.
(使)干透；把…弄干

leftover /ˈleftˌəʊ.vər/ noun
leftovers [ plural ]
food remaining[rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 剩下的] after a meal
剩饭，剩菜

attract /əˈtrækt/ verb[ T ]
(of people, things, places, etc.) to pull[pʊl 拉动] or draw[drɔː 吸引] someone or something towards them, by the qualities they have, especially good ones
【（关于人、事物、地方等）通过他们所拥有的品质，尤其是好的品质来拉动或吸引某人或某物】
（尤因具有积极、值得赞赏的品质而）吸引；招引；引起

spirit /ˈspɪr.ɪt/ noun[ C ]
the form of a dead person, similar[ˈsɪmələ(r) 类似的] to a ghost[ɡəʊst 鬼魂], or the feeling that a dead person is present[ˈpreznt 在场的] although you cannot see them
【死人的形状，类似于鬼魂，或者虽然看不到死人但感觉死人在场】
鬼魂，幽灵
Later，I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a while，Tombe threw it out of the doorway. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. His family believes that leftovers attract bad spirits in the night，so any leftover food is dried up in a can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.
后来，我注意到有一个罐子倒立在火炉上面的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它扔出门口去。他告诉我说，加热罐子是为了烤干剩菜。他们家相信剩菜会在夜晚引来恶灵，所以所有的剩菜都放在罐子里烤干，然后再把罐子扔到屋外。

firm /fɜːm/ adjective (STRONG)
strong and tight[taɪt 紧贴的]
强有力的；紧紧的，牢牢的

handshake /ˈhænd.ʃeɪk/ noun [ C ]
a greeting, or an act showing that you have made an agreement, in which two people who are facing each other take hold of and shake each other's right hand
【问候，或表示您已达成协议的行为，其中两个面对面的人握住并摇动对方的右手】
握手

muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ noun (BODY PART)[ C or U ]
one of many tissues[ˈtɪʃuː (人、动植物细胞的)组织] in the body that can tighten[ˈtaɪtn 拧紧] and relax to produce movement
【身体中许多可以收紧和放松以产生运动的组织之一】
肌肉

ache /eɪk/ verb [ I ]
to have a continuous pain[peɪn (身体上的)疼痛] that is unpleasant[ʌnˈpleznt 令人不快的] but not very strong
（持续地）疼痛，隐痛

knee /niː/ noun [ C ]
the middle joint[dʒɔɪnt 关节] of the leg that allows the leg to bend[bend (使四肢等)弯曲]
膝，膝盖

shake /ʃeɪk/ verb (MOVE)[ I or T ]
shook[ʃʊk] | shaken[ˈʃeɪkən]
to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to make something or someone do this
【以快速、短促的动作前后或上下移动，或使某物或某人这样做】
摇动；抖动；使颤动

as /æz/ conjunction (WHILE)
during the time that
当…时；在…的同时；随着

drag /dræɡ/ verb (PULL[pʊl 拉；拽])[ T ]
to move something by pulling it along[əˈlɒŋ 沿着] a surface, usually the ground
拖，拉，拽，牵引

down /daʊn/ preposition (LOWER POSITION)
in or towards a low or lower position, from a higher one
在下面；向下，朝下

towards /təˈwɔːdz/ preposition (MOVEMENT) mainly UK
(also mainly US toward)
in the direction of, or closer to someone or something
向，朝；对着

privilege /ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/ noun[ S ]
an opportunity to do something special or enjoyable[ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl 使人快乐的]
【做一些特别或令人愉快的事情的机会】
荣幸
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
次日清晨，多次互道再见和紧紧握手之后，我们离开了村庄。当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。那天晚上，我心满意足地一头栽倒在床上。与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。

选修四册第四单元第44页阅读讲解

Hello! My name is Zhan Bingbing.
大家好！我的名字叫詹冰冰。

far-off /ˌfɑːˈrɒf/ adjective
1.A time that is far-off, is a long time before or after the present.
（时间）遥远的，久远的
2.A far-off place is a great distance[ˈdɪstəns (空间的)遥远] away.
（地方）远的，遥远的

port /pɔːt/ noun (TOWN)[ C or U ]
a town by the sea or by a river that has a harbour[ˈhɑːbə(r) 港口；(海)港], or the harbour itself
港市；港

miner /ˈmaɪ.nər/ noun [ C ]
a person who works in a mine[maɪn 矿井；矿]
矿工

mechanic /məˈkæn.ɪk/ noun (JOB)[ C ]
someone whose job is repairing the engines[ˈendʒɪn 发动机] of vehicles and other machines
技师；机工；机械师

worth /wɜːθ/ adjective
值得的
worth it
enjoyable[ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl 愉快的] enough or producing enough advantages[ədˈvæntɪdʒ 优势] to make the necessary effort[ˈefət 努力], risk, pain, etc. seem acceptable[əkˈseptəbl 可接受的]
【足够令人愉快或产生足够的优势以使必要的努力、风险、痛苦等看起来可以接受】
值得（努力、冒险、忍受痛苦等）去做

overseas /ˌəʊ.vəˈsiːz/ adjective, adverb
in, from, or to other countries
在海外（的）；从国外来（的）；到国外（的）

development /dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/ noun (GROWTH)[ U ]
the process[ˈprəʊses (为达到某一目标的)过程] in which someone or something grows[ɡrəʊ 成长] or changes and becomes more advanced[ədˈvænst 高级的]
【某人或某物成长或变化并变得更高级的过程】
成长，发育；发展
Lately，all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world，helping other countries to develop. We see Chinese workers building roads in the Congo，a port in Pakistan，railways in Panama，and an airport in Sri Lanka. And we see Chinese miners，oil workers，agricultural experts，mechanics，and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world. And some people may ask，“Is it worth it? Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development?”
最近，大家都在电视上看到中国人在世界各个遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。我们看到中国工人在刚果修建公路，在巴基斯坦修建港口，在巴拿马修建铁路，在斯里兰卡修建机场。我们看到中国的矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落忙碌着。有些人可能会问：“这值得吗？在中国许多地区仍然需要发展的时候，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？”

personal /ˈpɜː.sən.əl/ adjective
relating or belonging to a single or particular person rather than to a group or an organization
【涉及或属于单个或特定的人，而不是团体或组织的】
个人的，私人的

you see
used when you hope someone else will understand what you are saying or asking
你看；你知道

medical /ˈmed.ɪ.kəl/ adjective
related to the treatment of illness[ˈɪlnəs 疾病] and injuries[injury ˈɪndʒəri 伤害]
【与疾病和伤害的治疗有关的】
医学的；医疗的；医用的

medical doctor
医师；医学博士

last /læst/ adjective, adverb, pronoun
(being) the most recent[ˈriːsnt 最近的] or the one before the present[ˈpreznt 现在的] one
【（是）最近的或在现在之前的】
上一次的；最近的；最后的

consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/ noun [ C ]
someone who advises people on a particular subject
【在某一特定问题上为人们提供建议的人】
顾问；咨询师

as /æz/ preposition
used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something
【用来描述某人或某事的目的或品质】
以…的身份；作为
I had the same questions myself. But for me，it was much more personal. You see，my mother is a medical doctor，and for the last two years，she has been working as a volunteer consultant in Tanzania，Africa，as a part of a medical team sent by the Chinese government.
我自己也有同样的疑问。然而，对我来说，它更多与我个人有关。你看，我妈妈是一名医生，在过去的两年里，她作为中国政府派遣的医疗队的一员，一直在非洲坦桑尼亚当一位志愿顾问。

to be honest
老实说；说实话

leave /liːv/ verb (GO AWAY)[ I or T ]
left | left
to go away from someone or something, for a short time or permanently[ˈpɜːmənəntli 永久地]
离开；离去；走开

leave for[liːv fɔː]
动身去...；出发去...

upset /ʌpˈset/ adjective (WORRIED)[ after verb ]
worried, unhappy, or angry
【担心、不高兴或生气的】
使心烦意乱的；使难过的；使生气的

leisure /ˈleʒ.ər/ noun [ U ]
the time when you are not working or doing other duties
空闲，闲暇，休闲

except /ɪkˈsept/ (for) preposition
not including
（表示不包括）除…之外

apart /əˈpɑːt/ adjective [ after verb ]
living or staying in a different place from the person that you are married to or have a close relationship with
（夫妻或亲人）分离的，不住一起的

input[ˈɪnpʊt]n.
（为帮助某人做出决定而提供的）建议，意见
To be honest，when my mother first left for Africa，I was upset. My mother cooked me dinner every night，and she took good care of me. But more importantly，she was my best friend. We talked together，we spent our leisure time together，and except for school and work，we were never apart. So I was unhappy about her leaving without even asking for my input.
说实话，当我妈妈第一次去非洲的时候，我很难过。我妈妈每天晚上都给我做饭，无微不至地照顾我。但更重要的是，她是我最好的朋友。我们一起聊天，一起度过闲暇时光，除了上学和上班，我们从未分开过。所以对她甚至没征求我的意见就（决定）离开，我感到很不开心。

but then (again)
but when you think about the matter[ˈmætə(r) 事情] more or in another way
不过话又说回来；不过仔细想想

tune /tjuːn/ noun (MUSICAL NOTES)[ C ]
a series of musical notes[nəʊt 音符], especially one that is pleasant[ˈpleznt 令人愉快的] and easy to remember
【一系列音符，尤指令人愉悦且易于记忆的音符】
曲调，曲子；旋律

sing a different tune
转变态度

rare /reər/ adjective (NOT COMMON)
not common; very unusual
稀少的；罕见的；不常发生的

contract /kənˈtrækt/ verb (BECOME ILL)[ T ] formal
to catch[kætʃ 得病] or become ill with a disease[dɪˈziːz 疾病]
【感染或生病】
患上，感染（疾病）

while /waɪl/ conjunction (ALTHOUGH)
(also formal whilst[waɪlst 虽然，尽管])
despite the fact that; although
虽然；尽管

wealth /welθ/ noun (MONEY)[ U ]
a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has
财富，钱财

natural wealth[ˈnætʃrəl welθ]
自然资源

grant /ɡrænt/ verb (GIVE)[ T ]
to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way
（通常指官方）同意，准予，授予

take sth for granted
to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it
认为…是理所当然的

transport /ˈtræn.spɔːt/ noun [ U ] UK
(US transportation[ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn])
a system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, aircraft[ˈerkræft 飞机；航空器], etc. for getting from one place to another
交通工具；车辆；交通运输系统

cardiac /ˈkɑː.di.æk/ adjective
of the heart or heart disease
心脏的；心脏病的

prior /praɪər/ adjective [before noun] (EARLIER)formal
existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time
在先的，在前的；居先的

prior /praɪər/ to sth
before a particular time or event
在…之前

1.condition /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/ noun (STATE)[ S or U ]
the particular state[steɪt 状态] that something or someone is in
状况；状态

2.condition /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/ noun[ C ]
any of different types of diseases
疾病

cut open
切开；剖；给……开刀

surgery /ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/ noun (MEDICAL OPERATION)[ U ]
the treatment[ˈtriːtmənt 治疗] of injuries[injury ˈɪndʒəri 伤害] or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body and removing[remove rɪˈmuːv 去除] or repairing the damaged[damage ˈdæmɪdʒ 损害] part
【通过切开身体并去除或修复受损部位来治疗人或动物的伤害或疾病】
外科手术

since /sɪns/ conjunction (BECAUSE)
because; as[æz 因为；由于]
因为；既然

go /ɡəʊ/ verb (BE)[ L only + adj ]
went | gone
to be or stay in a particular condition, especially an unpleasant one
处于（尤指令人不快的状况）

die /daɪ/ verb [ I ]
dying[ˈdaɪɪŋ] | died[daɪd] | died[daɪd]
to stop living or existing, either suddenly or slowly
死去，死亡，过世

neighbouring /ˈneɪ.bər.ɪŋ/ adjective [ before noun ] UK
(US neighboring)
Neighbouring places are next to or near each other.
邻近的，相邻的

well /wel/ adverb (IN ADDITION)
as well (as)
in addition (to)
除…之外还；也；和

make a (big) difference
(also make all the difference)
to improve a situation[ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn 情况；状况] (a lot)
（极大地）改善

circuit /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ noun (VISITS)[ C ]
a regular[ˈreɡjələ(r) 有规律的] pattern[ˈpætn 模式] of visits or the places visited
【定期的访问模式或访问的地方】
巡回；巡游；巡回之地

rural /ˈrʊə.rəl/ adjective
in, of, or like the countryside
乡村的，农村的；似乡村的

disability /ˌdɪs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ noun [ C or U ]
an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do the things that other people do
残疾，缺陷，残障

consultation /ˌkɒn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ [ U ]
the process[ˈprəʊses (为达到某一目标的)过程] of discussing something with someone in order to get their advice or opinion[əˈpɪnjən 意见] about it
【与某人讨论某事以获得他们的建议或意见的过程】
磋商；咨询；求教

in addition (to)
as well (as)
除…之外还；另外，此外

malaria[məˈleəriə]n.
疟[nüè]疾
But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania，a country that has many health problems，and now I am singing a different tune. Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania. And，while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth，many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted，such as electricity，running water，cars and good transport systems，and supermarkets. One project that my mother worked on was helping to build a cardiac hospital. Prior to this，if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery，they would have to go abroad. Since this was quite expensive，many people went without medical treatment and some even died. Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. It has made a big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages to provide medical treatment，help those with disabilities，and provide consultation and training for local doctors. In addition，her team has given patients a new malaria treatment invented in China，and this has saved many lives.
可是话又说回来，我开始听说她在坦桑尼亚所做的工作。这个国家有很多健康问题，现在我转变了态度。许多在中国很罕见的危险疾病在坦桑尼亚仍有众多患者。此外，尽管这个国家风景美丽、物产丰饶，但许多人仍然十分贫穷；我们认为理所当然的东西，在他们的生活中都没有，比如电、自来水、汽车和便捷的交通系统，以及超市。我妈妈参与的一个项目是帮助他们建造一所心脏专科医院。在这之前，如果一个坦桑尼亚人患有心脏疾病需要手术的话，就不得不出国。由于出国费用高昂，许多人得不到治疗，甚至有人死亡。现在，有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。这极大地改变了他们的生活。我妈妈还到偏远的农村巡诊，提供医疗服务，帮助残疾人，并为当地医生提供咨询和培训。此外，她的团队还为患者提供了中国研发的新型疟疾疗法，从而挽救了许多生命。

relay /ˌrɪˈleɪ/ verb [ T ]
to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast[ˈbrɔːdkæst 播送(电视或无线电节目)] a signal[ˈsɪɡnəl 信号], message, or programme on television or radio
【重复你听到的东西，或在电视或收音机上播放信号、信息或节目】
传达，转发；播放；转播

supportive /səˈpɔː.tɪv/ adjective
showing agreement[əˈɡriːmənt 同意] and giving encouragement[ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt 鼓励]
支持的；鼓励的；拥护的

criterion /kraɪˈtɪə.ri.ən/ noun [ C ]
plural criteria[kraɪ'tɪəriə criterion的复数]
a standard[ˈstændəd 标准] by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something
【判断、决定或处理某事的标准】
（作出评判、决定或处理的）标准，准则

citizen /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən/ noun [ C ]
a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights because of being born there or because of being given rights, or a person who lives in a particular town or city
公民；市民，城镇居民

stability /stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ noun [ U ]
a situation[ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn 情况] in which something is not likely to move or change
【某事（某物）不太可能移动或改变的情况】
稳定；稳固

responsible /rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ adjective (DUTY)
be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth
to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it, him, or her
【对某事或某人拥有控制权和权威，并有责任照顾它，他或她】
（对某人、某事）负责的；负责…；掌管…

community /kəˈmjuː.nə.ti/ noun [ C, + sing/pl verb ]
the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests[ˈɪntrəst 利益], social group, or nationality
【居住在某一特定地区的人，或因共同利益、社会群体或国籍而被视为一个单位的人】
社区；群体；社团，团体，界

deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ verb [ T not continuous ]
to have earned[ɜːn 赢得] or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have
【由于你的行为方式或你所拥有的品质而赢得或被给予某物】
值得；应得；应受

fair /feər/ adjective (RIGHT)
treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable[ˈriːznəbl 合理的]
【以正确或合理的方式对待某人】
公平的；合理的；公正的

come /kʌm/ verb (BE ORDERED)
to have or achieve a particular position
【拥有或达到一个特定的位置】
位列…

now /naʊ/ conjunction
now (that)...
used to give an explanation[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn 解释] of a new situation
【用来解释新情况】
既然，由于

land /lænd/ noun (COUNTRY)[ C ] literary[文学用语]
a country
国家

pray /preɪ/ verb[ I ]
to hope[həʊp v. 希望；期望(某事发生)] for something very much
强烈地希望；祈望，祈求
Today，I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the work my mother has done，and I am now supportive of it. Is her work worth it? Yes，to the lives[laɪvz] of the people she is helping，it is worth it. But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well，because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability，and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life. When I think of all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of，helping others comes at the top of this list. Now that I understand how important my mother's work is，I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands. In the future，I pray that you will do the same.
今天，我想向你们传递的信息是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到自豪，现在我对此表示支持。她的工作值得吗？是的，对得到她帮助的人的生命来说，这是值得的。然而，无论以何种标准衡量这项工作对我们来说也是值得的，因为它表明我们是关心世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，并准备好要建设人类命运共同体。每个人在生命中都应享有公平的机会。当我在思考作为中国公民最能引以为傲的所有事情时，帮助他人位居榜首。既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。我期盼，未来你们也会这样做。

Thank you!
谢谢！
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