语法必备第001页讲解

内容提要:
英汉两种语言的句子成分很相似,只是英语里多了一个表语成分。英语的补足语有主语补足语和宾语补足语。英语的句子根据其结构可分为三种类型:简单句、并列句和复合句;根据句子的用途可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
Part Ⅰ 热身训练
指出画线部分在句中所充当的句子成分

1.

Our monitor is reading a novel written by Dickens.
我们班长正在读一本狄更斯写的小说。

2.

Alice is our monitor. I will invite our monitor to dinner.
爱丽丝是我们的班长。我将邀请我们班长吃饭。

3.

We elected her our monitor.
我们选她当班长。

4.

Alice, our monitor will attend the conference.
艾丽丝,我们的班长将参加会议。

5.

He is monitoring us on his monitor system.
他正在监控系统上监视我们。

Part Ⅱ 走近高考
指出下列简单句的句子类型

1.(2019·全国卷I)

Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。

2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)

He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.
他要求工人们使用传统技术将砖块制成墙壁、屋顶和走廊。

3.(2017·北京高考)

That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
这无疑给了我们巨大的成就感。

4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.
王收集了700多万块不同年代的废弃砖块。

5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)

Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield.
现在艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天上午9点到下午5点在麦克莱斯菲尔德的宠物店工作。

[知识清单]
●句子的主要成分:主语,谓语,宾语,补语,表语
●句子的附属成分:定语,状语,同位语,独立成分
●简单句的五种基本句型
●句子种类
高考考点透析
考点一 句子的主要成分
(一)主语
主语的种类

1.单个主语:

The students of this school live in large rooms.
这所学校的学生们住在大房间里。

2.并列主话:

The student and his friends talked all night.
这名学生和他的朋友们彻谈了一夜。

3.(a)形式主语

To understand English is not difficult.
理解英语并不难。

It is not difficult to understand English.
理解英语并不难。

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