主语的种类(b)
Calling Mr Jones at this late hour is of no use.
这么晚给琼斯先生打电话是没有用的。
It is of no use calling Mr Jones at this late hour.
这么晚给琼斯先生打电话是没有用的。
主语的种类(c)
That he should have married her is surprising.
他竟然娶了她，这真令人吃惊。
It is surprising that he should have married her.
他竟然娶了她，真是令人吃惊。
作主语的成分
1.名词:
The farmer plowed his field.
农夫耕了田。
2.代词:
Anyone could answer the question.
任何人都能回答这个问题。
3.the+形容词
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
富人未必总比穷人快乐。
4.不定式
To paint the roof of his house is his main job today.
给房顶涂油漆是他今天的主要工作。
5.动名词:
Quarreling is a foolish thing。
争吵是愚蠢的事。
6. the+分词:
The wounded were sent to the hospital.
伤者被送到了医院。
7.名词性从句
When the meeting will be held has not been announced.
何时开会尚未宣布。
(二)谓语
谓语
1.不及物动词
a.完全不及物动词(不需要宾语,不需要补语)
He works hard.
他工作努力。
b.不完全不及物动词(不需要宾语,但需要
表语或补语)
Her father is a policeman.
她的父亲是一名警察。
2.及物动词
a.完全及物动词(只需要宾语)
I love my family.
我爱我的家。
b.不完全及物动词(需要宾语和宾语补语)
The lawyer considered him innocent.
律师认为他是无辜的。
(三)宾语
宾语的种类
1.直接宾语(Direct Object)
We should respect the old.
我们应该尊重老年人。
2.间接宾语(Indirect Object)
Henry bought his mother some flowers.
亨利给他的妈妈买了一些花。
3.同源宾语(Congate Object)
He slept a sound sleep.
他睡得非常香。
4.形式宾语(Formal Object)
I think it impossible to finish this work in a day.
我认为在一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
5.介词的宾语
He bought a golden watch for his wife.
他给妻子买了一块金表。
作宾语的成分
1.名词(Noun)
Birds eat worms.
鸟吃虫。
2.代词(Pronoun)
I see her every day.
我每天都见到她。
3.the+形容词(the+Adjective)
We honor the brave.
我们尊敬勇敢的人。
4.不定式(finitive)
He likes to trap sparrows.
他喜欢诱捕麻雀。
5.动名词(Gerund)
We should avoid injuring the feelings of others.
分我们应当避免伤害他人的感情。
6.the+分词(the+Participle)
We are going to visit the wounded and the dying in the hospital.
我们要去医院探视伤者和垂危者。
7.介词短语(Prepositional phrase)
A mouse ran out from under the floor.
一只老鼠从地板下面跑了出来。
8.名词性从句(Noun clause)
I wish that you would study hard.
我希望你能刻苦读书。
(四)补语
补语是用在主语或宾语后对其意义作补充说明的词或词组。
对主语加以补充说明者为主语补语，对宾语加以补充说明者
为宾语补语。补语通常是名词、形容词和非谓语动词等。
1.宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的成分
a.名词:
They named the child John.
他们为小孩取名约翰。
b.形容词:
Studying keeps him busy.
读书使他忙碌。
c.副词：
I want my money bacK.
我想拿回我的钱。
d.现在分词:
Don't keep me waiting.
别让我等待。
e.过去分词:
Your achievements made us astonished.
你的成绩令我们惊讶。
f.不定式：
I advise you to see a lawyer.
我劝你去找律师。
I felt the car move.
我感觉到车动了。
g.介词短语:
She kept him on pins and needles.
她令他坐立不安。
h.名词从句:
She will name him whatever she wants to.
她将随心所欲地称呼他。