常需接复合宾语的动词
a.感官动词feel,hear, listen to, notice, observe,see,
smell等。
b.使役动词have,let,make等。
动词是否需要有复合宾语,完全要根据该动词在句中的
意义而定。若动词之后接宾语意义还不够完整,就必须
有补语加以补允说明。反之,若动词之后接宾语意义已
经完整,则不需要补语。
其他常需接复合宾语的动词有: believe,call, choose,
command, consider, count, declare, elect, expect,
imagine, intend, judge, know, name, order, prefer,
request, require, select, suppose, take, think, understand,
want,wish等。

2.主语补足语
可由形容词、名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。
例如:

As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着吋间的推移,我被做得越来越小。

No one is known to have escaped.
据说无人逃脱。

He was caught cheating in the exam.
他考试作弊被抓住了。

The machine is found in a bad state.
发现机器坏了。

(五)表语
表话说明主语是什么或怎么样,一般跟在系动词之后,由
名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词、动名词、动
词不定式、从句等充当。在下列例句屮,黑体部分是表语。
作表语的句子成分

a.名词:

She is a pupil.
她是一名小学生。

b.形容词:

She is beautiful.
她长得漂亮。

c.数词:

She is nine.
她九岁了。

d.副词:

She is not in.
她不在家。

e.介词短语:

She is in Class Three.
她在三班。

f.不定式短话:

Her wish is to become a doctor.
她的愿望是当一名医生。

g.动名词:

My job was cleaning the house.
我的工作是打扫屋子。

h.从句:

That was how he got to know everyone at the party.
他就是那样认识了晚会上的每一个人。

考点二 句子的附属成分
(一)定语
用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分叫作定语。定语说明领
属、性质或数量等关系,由形容词、名词(包括名词的所有
格)、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短
语)、从句等构成。

The black bike is mine.
那辆黑色的自行车是我的

She is a city girl.
她是个城里姑娘。

This is john's ruler.
这是约翰的尺子。

名师点津

①修饰some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,定
语必须后置。例如：

Did I miss anything important?
我有没有错过什么重要的事?

Everybody interested is welcome to attend this event!
欢迎所有感兴趣的人参加这项活动!

②副词here, there, above, below, yesterday, tomorrow
等作定语时,必须后置。例如:

The water there is not safe for drinking.
那里的水不适合饮用。

The picture above is drawn by my son.
上面那幅画是我儿子画的。

③形容词 asleep, awake, alive, present(在场的)等作
定语时,通常后置。例如:

She was the only person awake that night.
她是那天晚上唯一醒着的人。

His idea was accepted by all the people present.
他的想法为所有在场人员接受。

(二)状语
状语主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示行
为发生的地点、时间、目的、方式、程度、原因、结果、条件等
意义。状语通常由副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语
和相当于副词的从句等构成。

People are working hard.
人们在努力工作。

We had a very nice day.
我们玩得很痛快。

They were late because of the heavy rain.
因为下大雨他们迟到了。

I will do everything I could to save the patient's life.
我会尽我一切力量拯救这个病人的生命。

walking in the street, I found a wallet.
在大街上走路的时候,我拣到了一个钱包。

Moved by his sincerity, she finally agreed to come to the party.
被他的诚意所感动,她终于答应去参加聚会。

He walked into the classroom, his hands in his pockets.
他双手插在口袋里走进教室。

Mother being away from home, I had to take the responsibility of taking care of my little brother.
母亲不在家,我不得不担负起照顾弟弟的责任。

When the police arrived, the thieves ran away.
警察到来的时候,小偷逃跑了。