基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语
产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语
即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动
词。构成宾语的代词必须是“代词宾格”,如:me,him,
them等。
S|V(及物动词)|O
1.
who knows the answer?
谁知道答案?
2.
She smiled her thanks.
她微笑表示感谢。
3.
He has refused to help them.
他拒绝帮他们。
4.
He enjoys reading.
他喜欢看书。
5.
They ate what was left over.
他们吃了剩饭。
6.
He said,"Good morning".
他说:“早上好。"
7.
I want to have a cup of tea.
我想喝杯茶。
8.
He admits that he was mistaken.
他承认他错了。
基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递, bring
带来,show展示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语；
一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:
Give me a cup of tea, please.
请给我一杯茶。
其语序也可以调整为:动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾
语。如：
Show this house to Mr Smith.
把这房子给史密斯先生看看。
Bring it to me, please.
请把它拿给我。
S|V(及物)|o(多指人)|O(多指物)
1.
She ordered herself a new dress.
她给自己定了一套新衣服。
2.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3.
He brought you a dictionary.
他给你带来了一本字典。
4.
He denies her nothing.
他对她什么都不拒绝。
5.
I showed him my pictures.
我给他看了我的照片。
6.
I gave my car a wash.
我洗了我的汽车。
7.
I told him that the bus was late.
我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8.
He showed me how to run the machine.
他教了我怎样操作机器。
基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟
一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分
来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语
与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+名词
The war made him a soldier.
战争使他成为一名战士。
名词/代词宾格+形容词
New methods make the job easy.
新方法使这项工作变得轻松。
名词/代词宾格+介词短语
I often find him at work.
我经常发现他在工作。
名词/代词宾格+动词不定式
The teacher asked the students to close the windows.
老师让学生们关上窗户。
名词/代词宾格+分词
I saw a cat running across the road.
我看见一只猫跑过了马路。
S|V(及物动词)|O(宾语)|C(宾补)
1.
They appointed him manager.
他们任命他当经理。
2.
They painted the door green.
他们把门漆成了绿色。
3.
This set them thinking.
这使得他们要仔细想一想。
4.
They found the house deserted.
他们发现那房子无人居住。
5.
What makes him think so?
什么使得他这样想？
6.
We saw him out.
我们看见他出去了。
7.
He asked me to come back soon.
他要我早点回来。
8.
I saw them getting on the bus.
我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
考点四 句子种类
1.按句子的用途可分四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感
叹句。
(1)陈述句(肯定、否定)
The boss showed his appreciation of Tom's hard work in the company by raising his pay to $5,000 a month.
老板把汤姆的月薪提高到5000美元，以表示他对汤姆在公司辛勤工作的赞赏。
He didn't turn up until the meeting was near the end.
直到会议接近尾声，他才出现。
(2)疑问句(一般、特殊、反义、选择)
Is there anything wrong with your pen?
你的钢笔有什么毛病吗？
Where will you start your work after graduation?
毕业后你将从哪里开始工作？
Have a cup of tea, will you?
喝杯茶好吗？
Will you live in Beijing or Shanghai?
你会住在北京还是上海？
(3)祈使句
肯定句以be或动词原形开头,否定句以Don't/Never开
头,提出请求、建议或发出命令等。
Please be on time for our class meeting this afternoon.
请准时参加今天下午的班会。
Don't spend time beating on a wall, hoping to change it into a door.
不要浪费时间敲一堵墙，你无法使它变成一扇门。
(4)感叹句
①What型感叹句
What+a(n.)+adj.+单数可数名词+主+谓(+其他)