词性常用符号说明


One.Adjectives    一.形容词类

adjective    A word that describes a noun or pronoun.形容名词或代词的形容词。

[after noun]    An adjective that only follows a noun.只跟在名词后面的形容词。

[after verb]    An adjective that only follows a verb.只跟在动词后面的形容词。

[before noun]    An adjective that only goes before a noun.只用在名词前面的形容词。

comparative    The form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a difference in amount, number, degree, or quality.形容词或副词的形式,表示数额、数量、程度或质量的差异比较。比较级。

superlative    The form of an adjective or adverb that expresses that the thing or person being described has more of the particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type.形容词或副词的一种形式,表示所描述的事物或人比任何事物或任何其他同类事物或人具有更多的特殊性质。最高级。

[not gradable]    An adjective that has no comparative or superlative form.没有比较级或最高级形式的形容词。

Two.Nouns    二.名词类

noun    A word that refers to a person, place or thing.指人、地方或事物的名词。

[C]    Countable noun: a noun that has a plural.可数名词:有复数形式的名词。

[U]    Uncountable or singular noun: a noun that has no plural.不可数名词或单数名词:没有复数形式的名词。

[S]    A singular noun.单数名词。

plural    The plural form of a noun.名词的复数形式。

noun [plural]    A noun that can only be used in the plural.只能用作复数的名词。

[usually plural]    A noun usually used in the plural.通常用作复数的名词。

[usually singular]    A countable noun usually used in the singular.通常用单数形式的可数名词。

[+ sing/pl verb]    A noun that refers to a group of people acting collectively. When used in the singular it can be followed by either a singular or a plural verb in British English. In American English a singular verb is preferred.指一群人集体行动的名词。在英国英语中,当用单数形式时,它后面可以跟一个单数动词,也可以跟一个复数动词。在美式英语中,单数动词是首选。

Three.Verbs    三.动词类

verb    A word that describes an action, state or experience.描述动作、状态或经历的动词。

[T]    Transitive verb: a verb that has an object.及物动词:有宾语的动词。

[I]    Intransitive verb: a verb that has no object.不及物动词:没有宾语的动词。

auxiliary verb    The verbs be, have and do, which combine with other verbs to make different forms like passives, questions and the continuous.动词be、have、do与其他动词结合,形成被动句、疑问句、进行句等不同形式的助动词。

modal verb    Verbs, such as must and can, that add meaning such as certainty and obligation.增加确定性和义务等含义的情态动词,如“必须”和“可以”。

past simple    The past simple form of the verb (如ate).动词过去的简单形式(ate)。

past participle    The past participle of the verb (如eaten).动词的过去分词(eaten)。

present participle    The present participle of the verb (如tying).动词的现在分词(tying)。

phrasal verb    A verb followed by an adverb or a preposition.后接副词或介词的短语动词。

[L]    Linking verb: an intransitive verb that is followed by a noun or adjective that refers back to the subject of the sentence.连系动词:一个不及物动词,后跟一个名词或形容词作表语,指回句子的主语。

[L only + adjective]    A linking verb only followed by an adjective.只跟形容词的连系动词。

[L only + noun]    A linking verb only followed by a noun.只跟名词的连系动词。

[+ adv/prep]    A verb that must be followed by an adverb or preposition.必须跟副词或介词的动词。

[+ that clause]    A verb followed by a clause beginning with that.后跟that引导的从句的动词。

[+ question word]    A verb followed by a question word.后跟疑问词的动词。

[+ speech]    A verb used with direct speech.用于直接引语的动词。

[+ to infinitive]    A verb followed by the infinitive with to.后跟带to不定式的动词。

[+ infinitive without to]    A verb followed by the infinitive without to.后跟不带to不定式的动词。

[+ -ing] verb    A verb followed by the -ing form of the verb.后跟ing形式动词的动词。

[+ not or so]    A verb followed immediately by not or so where these replace a clause.后紧跟not or so指代从句的动词。

[+ two objects]    A verb that has a direct and indirect object.有直接宾语和间接宾语的双宾语动词。

[+ obj + adjective]    A verb with an object followed by an adjective.有宾语后跟形容词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + noun]    A verb with an object followed by a noun.有宾语后跟名词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + noun or adjective]    A verb with an object followed by a noun or adjective.有宾语后跟名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + as noun or adjective]    A verb with an object followed by as and a noun or an adjective.有宾语后跟as加名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + to be noun or adjective]    A verb with an object followed by to be and a noun or an adjective.有宾语后跟to be加名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + that clause]    A verb with an object followed by a that clause.有宾语后接that从句作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + to infinitive]    A verb with an object followed by an infinitive with to.有宾语后接带to不定式作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + infinitive without to]    A verb with an object followed by an infinitive without to.有宾语后接不带to不定式作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + past participle]    A verb with an object followed by a past participle.有宾语后接过去分词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + ing verb]    A verb with an object followed by the -ing form of a verb.有宾语后接ing形式动词作宾语补语的动词。

[+ obj + question word]    A verb with an object followed by a question word.有宾语后接疑问词的动词。

[usually passive]    A verb usually used in the passive.通常用于被动语态的动词。

[not continuous]    A verb not used in the continuous form.不用作进行式的动词

Four.Other labels    四.其它类

adverb    A word that gives information about a verb, adjective, another adverb, or a sentence.描述动词,形容词,他类副词或整个句子的副词。

conjunction    A word such as and or although used to link two parts of a sentence.连接一个句子的两个部分的连词(如and 或 although)。分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。

determiner    A word such as the or this used before a noun to show which particular example of a noun is being referred to.用来表示所指名词的某个特定例子的限定词(如the 或 this)。

number    A word that refers to a number.指代数字的数词。

ordinal number    A number such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, that shows the position of something in a list of things.表示某事物在事物列表中的位置的序数词。

preposition    A word that is used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun, connecting it to another word.在名词、名词短语或代词之前使用的,将其与另一个词连接起来,帮助说明这个名词、名词短语或代词与被连接词的关系的介词。

predeterminer    A word such as both or all used before other determiners.在其他限定词之前使用的前位限定词(如both 或 all)。

pronoun    A word such as it, or mine used to replace a noun.像it或mine这样用来代替名词的代词。

prefix    A letter or group of letters such as un-, pre- or anti- added to the beginning of a word to make a new word.加在单词开头的一个字母或一组字母,如un-、pre-或anti-,用来组成一个新词的前缀。前缀一般改变词义。

suffix    A letter or group of letters such as -less or -ment added to the end of a word to make a new word.加在单词结尾的一个字母或一组字母,如-less或-ment,用来组成一个新词的后缀。后缀一般改变词性。

exclamation    A word or expression such as damn! or oh dear! used to express strong feelings.用来表达强烈感情的感叹词(如damn!或oh dear!)。

[+ ing verb]    A word or phrase followed by the -ing form of the verb.后跟-ing形式动词的单词或短语。

[+ to infinitive]    A word or phrase followed by the infinitive with to.后跟带to不定式的单词或短语。

[+ that]    A word or phrase followed by a clause beginning with that.后跟that引导的从句的单词或短语。

[+ question word]    A word or phrase followed by a question word.后跟疑问词的单词或短语。

[as form of address]    A word or phrase such as Mr or dear used to address someone.用来称呼某人的词或短语(如Mr 或 dear)的称呼语。

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