概要文课外练习作文训练二 - 生词注释 - 高考英语作文训练

everywhere /ˈev.ri.weər/ adverb
(US informal also everyplace)
to, at, or in all places or the whole of a place
【到，在，或在所有地方或整个地方】
【此处的副词everywhere作后置定语】
各个地方，处处，各处

praise /preɪz/ verb [T] (SHOW APPROVAL[表示赞许])
to express admiration[ˌædməˈreɪʃn 钦佩] or approval[əˈpruːvl 赞许] of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing
【对人或事物的成就或特征表示钦佩或赞许】
赞扬，表扬

guide /ɡaɪd/ noun [C] (BOOK)
a book that gives you the most important information about a particular subject
【为你提供某一特定主题最重要信息的书】
指南，要览，手册

raise /reɪz/ verb [T] (DEVELOP[dɪˈveləp (使)成长])
to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown
【照顾某人或动物或植物，直到它们完全长大】
养育；喂养；培养；种植

opposite /ˈɒp.ə.zɪt/ adjective (DIFFERENT)
completely different
【完全不同的】
全然不同的，迥异的，截然相反的

extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ noun [ C ]
the largest possible amount or degree[dɪˈɡriː 程度] of something
【某事物可能达到的最大数量或程度】
极度；极端

opposite /ˈɒp.ə.zɪt/ noun [ C often singular ]
something or someone that is completely different from another person or thing
【与另一个人或事物完全不同的事物或人】
对立的物（或人）；对立面；反面

backfire /ˌbækˈfaɪər/ verb [I] (BAD RESULT)
(of a plan) to have the opposite result from the one you intended[ɪnˈtend 想要]
【（指计划）产生与你预期相反的结果】
（计划）产生适得其反的结果

insincere /ˌɪn.sɪnˈsɪər/ adjective
pretending[prɪˈtend 假装] to feel something that you do not really feel, or not meaning what you say
【假装感觉到一些你没有真正感觉到的东西，或者不是你所说的意思】
虚伪的；不诚恳的

fear /fɪər/ noun [ C or U ]
an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are frightened or worried by something dangerous, painful, or bad that is happening or might happen
【当你对正在发生或可能发生的危险、痛苦或坏事感到害怕或担心时，产生的一种不愉快的情绪或想法】
害怕，惧怕；担忧
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
所有地方的父母都称赞他们的孩子。《从A到Z培养快乐和自信的孩子指南》一书的作者詹恩·伯尔曼说：“我们已经走到了一个与几十年前截然相反的极端，那时的父母往往更严格。”通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们在树立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反。过多的表扬会适得其反，而且当以一种不真诚的方式给予表扬时，会让孩子害怕尝试新事物或者因为害怕不能在父母的表扬中保持领先而承担风险。

still /stɪl/ adverb
We can use still in front position to mean‘nevertheless’:despite what has just been said or referred to
【我们可以在前面的位置使用“still”来表示“nevertheless”：尽管刚才说了什么或提到了什么】
不过，仍然；尽管如此

damaging /ˈdæm.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/ adjective
causing harm
【造成伤害的】
有害的，产生危害的

point /pɔɪnt/ noun (PURPOSE)[ S or U ]
purpose or usefulness
【目的或用途】
目的，意义；用处

see the point of sth
to understand the importance of or the reason for something
【理解某事的重要性或原因】
理解…的重要性（或原因）

see no point in ...
看到（觉得；发现）...没有丝毫意义

accomplishment /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/ noun[ C ]
something that is successful, or that is achieved[əˈtʃiːv 实现] after a lot of work or effort[ˈefət 努力]
【成功的事情，或经过大量工作或努力而实现的事情】
成就；成绩
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
不过，不要在另一个方向上走得太远。不给予足够的赞扬可能会和给予太多表扬一样有害。孩子们会觉得自己不够好，或者你不在乎，结果，他们可能觉得为他们的成就而努力没有丝毫意义。

so /səʊ/ conjunction (SENTENCE BEGINNING)
used at the beginning of a sentence to connect it with something that has been said or has happened previously[ˈpriːviəsli 先前]
【用于句子开头，将其与之前说过或发生过的事情联系起来】
（放在句首，表示和已说过或已发生过的事相联系）如此，这样，那么

sincere /sɪnˈsɪər/ adjective
(of a person, feelings, or behaviour) not pretending[prɪˈtend 假装] or lying[lie laɪ，lying ˈlaɪɪŋ，撒谎]; honest
【（指人、感情或行为）不假装或撒谎；诚实的】
（人、感情或行为）真诚的，诚实的

outcome /ˈaʊt.kʌm/ noun [ C usually singular ]
a result or effect[ɪˈfekt ] of an action, situation, etc.
【行动、情况等的结果或影响。】
结果，后果；效果

as often as
每次；每当

deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ verb [ T not continuous ]
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have
【因为你的行为方式或品质而获得或被给予】
值得；应得，应受

verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/ adjective (SPOKEN)
spoken rather than written
【口头的而不是书面的】
口头的；非书面的

reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ noun [ C ]
something given in exchange for good behaviour or good work, etc.
【作为交换良好行为或良好工作等而给予的东西。】
报答；报偿；酬谢；奖赏，奖励

recognize /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/ verb (KNOW)[ T ]
to know someone or something because you have seen or heard him or her or experienced it before
【认识某人或某事，因为你以前见过、听到过他或她，或者经历过】
认出，认识；识别

push /pʊʃ/ verb (PERSUADE WITH FORCE)[ T ]
to forcefully['fɔ:sfəlɪ 强迫地] persuade[pəˈsweɪd 说服] or direct[dəˈrekt 监督] someone to do or achieve[əˈtʃiːv 实现] something
【强迫地说服或监督某人做某事或实现某事】
逼迫；催逼；促使

parenting /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/ noun [ U ]
the raising[raise reɪz 抚养] of children and all the responsibilities[responsibility rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti 责任] and activities that are involved[involve ɪnˈvɒlv 涉及] in it
【抚养孩子以及所有与之相关的责任和活动】
养育子女

worry /ˈwʌr.i/ noun[ C or U ]
a feeling of being unhappy and frightened[ˈfraɪtnd 害怕的] about something
【对某事感到不高兴和害怕的感觉】
担忧，忧虑；担心；发愁

matter /ˈmæt.ər/ verb [ I ]
to be important, or to affect[əˈfekt 影响] what happens
【重要，或影响发生的事情】
要紧，重要，有关系

process /ˈprəʊ.ses/ noun [ C ]
a series of actions that you take in order to achieve[əˈtʃiːv (凭长期努力)达到] a result
【为了达到一个结果而采取的一系列行动】
过程；步骤

end product[ˈend prɒdʌkt]
最终产品；最后结果，最终结果

One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.
需要记住的一点是，重要的是过程，而不是最终结果。

* to remember 为不定式，作后置定语。
* 第1个is为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时态。
* 第1个that为连词，引导表语从句。
* it为形式主语，用于构成强调句式: it + be + 强调部分 + that...
* 第2个is为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时态。
* matters为谓语动词，采用一般现在时态。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal," says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
那么，正确的赞美量是多少呢？专家说，表扬的质量比数量更重要。如果表扬是真诚的，并且专注于努力而不是结果，每当你的孩子做一些值得口头奖励的事情，你就要给予表扬。《无忧无虑做父母：抛掉忧虑关注真正重要的事情》一书的作者多纳休说：“我们应该特别认识到我们的孩子，为逼迫自己并为实现目标而勤奋学习的努力。需要记住的一点是，重要的是过程，而不是最终结果。”

out there[ˈaʊt ðeə(r)]
到战场，在那里

regardless[rɪˈɡɑːdləs adv. 不管，不顾] of something
without being influenced by any other events or conditions
【不受任何其他事件或条件的影响】
不顾，不管

whether...or...
(used to introduce two or more possibilities) it is not important if
【（用于介绍两种或两种以上的可能性）如果……这并不重要】
（用于引出两种或多种可能性）不管…还是…；或者…或者…

recognize /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/ verb (ACCEPT)[ T ]
(UK usually recognise)
to accept[əkˈsept 承认] that something is legal, true, or important
【承认某事合法、真实或重要】
正式承认；认可；接受

whatever /wɒtˈev.ər/ pronoun, determiner[dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r) 限定词] (NOT IMPORTANT WHAT)
it is not important what is; it makes no difference what (is)
【是什么并不重要；（是）什么并没有区别；无关紧要】
不管怎样，无论什么

case-by-case[keɪs baɪ keɪs]
具体分析；个例

basis /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/ noun [C] (IMPORTANT FACTS)
plural bases /-siːz/
the most important facts, ideas, etc. from which something is developed
【事物发展的最重要的事实、想法等】
基础；根据

proportional /prəˈpɔː.ʃən.əl/ adjective
(also proportionate[prəˈpɔːʃənət 成比例的])
If two amounts are proportional, they change at the same rate[reɪt 速度；比率] so that the relationship between them does not change.
【如果两个量成比例，它们就以相同的速率变化，这样它们之间的关系就不会改变。】
与…成比例的
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praising should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
你的儿子可能不是他队里最好的篮球运动员。但如果他每天都在那里努力拼搏，无论他的球队输或赢，你都应该赞扬他的努力。赞扬孩子的努力而不是结果也意味着当孩子努力打扫院子、做饭或完成一篇读书报告时，你要认可她。但不管是什么，表扬都应该根据具体情况而给予，并与孩子付出努力的量成比例。

标准范文:→→

contrary /ˈkɒn.trə.ri/ adjective (OPPOSITE)
opposite[ˈɒpəzɪt 迥然不同的]
相反的，对立的；完全不同的

unrealistic /ˌʌn.rɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ adjective
having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can really do; not based on facts
【对可能发生的事情或你真正能做的事情有错误的想法；不是基于事实的】
不切实际的；不实事求是的；不现实的

inadequate /ɪˈnæd.ɪ.kwət/ adjective
too small in amount
（数量）不够的

suitable /ˈsjuː.tə.bəl/ adjective
acceptable[əkˈseptəbl 可接受的] or right for someone or something
【对某人或某事来说是可接受的或正确的】
适宜的，合适的，适当的

bright point[braɪt pɔɪnt]
亮点
Contrary to the past, some parents are now praising their kids too much, making them feel they're given unrealistic goals. Others give their kids inadequate praise, causing them the wrong idea that they behave not so well. Actually, the proper way is to give them suitable praise. In doing so, parents are advised to find some bright points in what the kids do and praise them.
与过去不同的是，现在有些父母过分夸奖孩子，让他们觉得自己被赋予了不切实际的目标。其他人对他们的孩子表扬不够，导致他们错误地认为他们表现得不好。其实，正确的做法是给予他们适当的表扬。在这样做的过程中，建议父母在孩子们所做的事情中找到一些亮点并表扬他们。