BA 10 Assurance of the Resurrection
BA 10 复活的保证

Lesson Ten
第十课

Assurance of the Resurrection
复活的保证

One time, the French skeptic, Auguste Comte, mocked the Scottish writer, Thomas Carlyle, for believing in Jesus Christ. With an air of superiority, Comte said, “I think I will start a religion of my own to replace Christianity.” Carlyle replied, “Very well. All you have to do is to be crucified, rise again on the third day, and get the world to believe that you are still alive.”
有一次，法国怀疑论者奥古斯特-孔德嘲笑苏格兰作家托马斯-卡莱尔相信耶稣基督。孔德带着一种优越感说："我想我将开创一个我自己的宗教来取代基督教。" 卡莱尔回答说："很好。你所要做的就是被钉在十字架上，在第三天复活，并让世界相信你还活着"。

Perhaps nothing in the Bible is mocked, rejected, and ridiculed by skeptics more often than the resurrection of Jesus. To skeptics, it is absurd to believe that a man could die by crucifixion, be stabbed in the heart with a Roman spear, lie dead in a tomb for three days, then come back to life. Yet, the resurrection of Jesus is at the heart of God's eternal plan. The evidence to support the resurrection is virtually indisputable.
也许圣经中没有什么比耶稣的复活更经常被怀疑论者嘲笑、拒绝和讥讽的了。对怀疑论者来说，相信一个人被钉死在十字架上，被罗马人的长矛刺中心脏，在坟墓里躺了三天，然后又复活，这是很荒谬的。然而，耶稣的复活是上帝永恒计划的核心。支持复活的证据几乎是无可争议的。

Verdicts from Legal Experts
法律专家的判决书

Let's pretend that the resurrection of Jesus is on trial in a court of law, and that experts are being called to the witness stand to give their verdicts after considering the evidence for and against the biblical resurrection story.
让我们假设耶稣的复活在法庭上接受审判，专家们被传唤到证人席上，在考虑了支持和反对圣经复活故事的证据后给出他们的裁决。

Our first witness is Professor Thomas Arnold (1795-1842), headmaster of Rugby School in Warwickshire, England and well-known historian. His verdict: “The resurrection of Christ is the best attested fact in history.”
我们的第一位证人是托马斯-阿诺德教授（1795-1842），他是英国沃里克郡拉格比学校的校长和著名的历史学家。他的结论是："基督的复活是历史上最有证据的事实"。

Thank you, Professor Arnold. Will Dr. Simon Greenleaf please take the stand. Dr. Greenleaf (1783-1853) was the Royal Professor of Law at Harvard University. He is regarded as one of the foremost authorities on law evidence. In his book, The Testimony of the Evangelists Examined by the Rules of Evidence Administered in Courts of Justice, Dr. Greenleaf examines the credibility of the apostles' testimony concerning the resurrection of Christ. His verdict: “The apostles could not have persisted in affirming the truths they had narrated, had not Jesus actually risen from the dead, and had they not known this fact as certainly as they knew any other fact. According to the laws of legal evidence administered in courts of justice, the resurrection of Jesus is one of the best supported events in history.” (Dr. Greenleaf's book was republished in 1995 by Kregel Classics, Grand Rapids, MI.)
谢谢你，阿诺德教授。请西蒙-格林利夫博士上台发言。格林立夫博士（1783-1853）是哈佛大学的皇家法律教授。他被认为是法律证据方面最重要的权威之一。格林利夫博士在他的书《根据法庭证据规则检验的福音书作者的证词》中，检验了使徒关于基督复活的证词的可信度。他的结论是："如果不是耶稣真的从死里复活，使徒们不可能坚持肯定他们所叙述的真理，如果他们不知道这个事实，就像他们知道任何其他事实一样肯定。根据法庭上实施的法律证据法，耶稣的复活是历史上得到最好支持的事件之一"。(格林利夫博士的书于1995年由密歇根州大急流城的克雷格尔经典出版社重新出版。）。

Our third witness is Charles John Darling (1849-1906), Lord Chief Justice in England. Lord Darling's verdict: “The crux of the problem of whether Jesus was or was not what he proclaimed himself to be must surely depend upon the truth, or otherwise, of the resurrection. On that greatest point we are not merely asked to have faith. In its favor as a living truth there exists such overwhelming evidence, positive and negative, factual and circumstantial, that no intelligent jury in the world could fail to bring a verdict that the resurrection story is true.” (Michael Green, Man Alive (Chicago, IL: Inter Varsity Christian Fellowship, 1969, p. 54.)
我们的第三位证人是英国首席大法官查尔斯·约翰·达林（1849-1906）。达林勋爵的判决：“耶稣是不是他所宣称的那样，这一问题的关键肯定取决于复活的真相。在这一点上，我们不仅仅被要求有信仰。作为一个活生生的真理，存在着这样的压倒性证据，无论是正面的还是负面的，无论是事实的还是间接的，世界上任何一个聪明的陪审团都不能不相信。”做出复活故事是真实的判决。”（迈克尔·格林，《活着的人》（伊利诺伊州芝加哥：校际基督教联谊会，1969年，第54页）

We call to the stand our fourth witness: John Singleton Copely (1772- 1863). This witness is recognized as one of the greatest legal minds in British history. He is the Solicitor General of the British government, Attorney General of Great Britain, three times the High Chancellor of England and the elected High Steward of the University of Cambridge. His verdict: “I know pretty well what evidence is; and I tell you, such evidence of that of the Resurrection has never broken down yet.” (Wilbur M. Smith, Therefore Stand: Christian Apologetics, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1972, p. 425.)
我们请第四位证人出庭作证：约翰·辛格尔顿·科普利（1772-1863）。这位证人被公认为英国历史上最伟大的法律头脑之一。他是英国政府的副检察长、英国总检察长、三次担任英国大法官和当选的剑桥大学高级董事。他的判决是：“我非常清楚什么是证据；我告诉你，复活的证据从未被破坏过。”(威尔伯·M·史密斯著，《因此立场：基督教道歉学》，密西西比州大急流出版社，贝克出版社，1972，第425页。)

Our next witness is Sir James Norman Dalrymple Anderson (1908- 1994), Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of London, Chairman of the Department of Oriental Law at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and Director of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies at the University of London. After studying the evidence for and against the resurrection of Christ, Anderson asks, “How, then, can the fact of the resurrection be denied? Lastly, it can be asserted with confidence that men and women disbelieve the Easter story, not because of the evidence, but in spite of it.” (Josh McDowell, Evidence that Demands a Verdict, San Bernardino, CA: Here's Life Publishers, rev. ed. 1879, pp. 201-202; J.N.D Anderson, Christianity: The Witness of History, London, Tyndale Press, 1870, p. 105.)
我们的下一位证人是伦敦大学法学院院长、东方和非洲研究学院东方法系主任、伦敦大学高级法律研究所所长詹姆斯·诺曼·达尔里姆普莱·安德森爵士（1908-1994）。在研究了支持和反对基督复活的证据后，安德森问道：“那么，复活的事实怎么能被否认呢？最后，可以自信地断言，男人和女人不相信复活节故事，不是因为证据，而是尽管如此。“（乔什·麦克道尔，《需要判决的证据》，加利福尼亚州圣贝纳迪诺：这里是生活出版社，1879年修订版，第201-202页；J.N.D安德森，《基督教：历史的见证》，伦敦，廷代尔出版社，1870年，第105页。）

We now call to the stand our sixth and final witness, Irwin H. Linton (1879-1962), a Washington, D.C. lawyer who argues cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. After examining the testimonies of New Testament writers, Irwin argues that the resurrection “is not only so established that the greatest lawyers have declared it to be the best proved fact of all history, but it is so supported that it is difficult to conceive of any method or line of proof that it lacks which would make it more certain. . . . He who does not accept wholeheartedly the evangelical, conservative belief in Christ and the Scriptures has never read, has forgotten, or never been able to weigh–and certainly is utterly unable to refute–the irresistible force of the cumulative evidence upon which such faith rests.” (Irwin H. Linton, A Lawyer Examines the Bible: A Defense of the Christian Faith, San Diego: Christian Life Publishers, 1977, pp. 13, 16-17, 45, 50, 192, 196.)
我们现在请第六位也是最后一位证人欧文-H-林顿（1879-1962）出庭作证，他是华盛顿特区的一名律师，在美国最高法院为案件辩护。在检查了新约作家的证词之后，欧文认为复活“它不仅如此确定，以至于最伟大的律师都宣布它是所有历史上证明最好的事实，而且它得到了如此的支持，以至于很难想象出它所缺乏的任何方法或证据线，从而使它更加确定……一个不全心全意接受福音派、保守派信仰基督和圣经的人，从来没有读过、忘记过，也从来没有我们能够权衡——当然也完全无法反驳——这种信念所依据的累积证据的不可抗拒的力量。”（欧文·H·林顿，《一位律师审视圣经：基督教信仰的辩护》，圣地亚哥：基督教生活出版社，1977年，第13、16-17、45、50、192、196页。）

Most of these legal and historical witnesses lived and died some time ago, but their testimony is as valid today as it was when they gave it. It was true then, and it is true today and it will always be true.
这些法律和历史见证人中的大多数人都是在一段时间前生活和死亡的，但他们的证词今天和他们提供证词时一样有效。当时是真的，今天也是真的，而且永远是真的。

Now, let's look at some of the evidence that led the experts above to uniformly conclude that the biblical resurrection story is true.
现在，让我们来看看导致上述专家一致认为圣经中的复活故事是真实的一些证据。

Evidence That Jesus Really Died
耶稣真的死了的证据

Following the death of Jesus, Joseph of Arimathea, went boldly to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body so that he could give it a decent burial (Mark 15:43). Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead, and he asked the centurion for verification before granting Joseph's request (Mark 15:44-45). The centurion had watched the soldier thrust a spear into Jesus' heart, and he knew Jesus was dead. Jesus did not just swoon and regain consciousness later.
耶稣死后，亚利马太的约瑟大胆地去找彼拉多，要求得到耶稣的尸体，以便他能给它一个体面的葬礼（马可福音15：43）。彼拉多听说耶稣已经死了，感到很惊讶，他在答应约瑟的请求之前，向百夫长求证（马可福音15：44-45）。百夫长看着士兵把矛刺进耶稣的心脏，他知道耶稣已经死了。耶稣并不只是晕倒，后来才恢复知觉。

In a newspaper advice column, someone wrote, “Dear Uticus, Our preacher said that Jesus swooned on the cross, and then his disciples nursed him back to health. What do you think?” Signed, Bewildered. Uticus replied, “Dear Bewildered, Beat your preacher with a cat-o-nine tails thirty-nine times. Nail him to a cross. Hang him in the sun for six hours. Run a spear through his side, embalm him, and put him in an airless tomb for thirty-six hours and see what happens. Sincerely, Uticus.” The swoon theory is one of Satan's lies.
在报纸的一篇建议专栏中，有人写道：“亲爱的乌提库斯，我们的传教士说耶稣在十字架上昏倒了，然后他的门徒护理他恢复健康。你怎么看？”签名，困惑。乌提库斯回答说：“亲爱的困惑者，用猫尾巴打你的牧师三十九次。把他钉在十字架上。把他挂在太阳下六个小时。用长矛穿过他的侧面，给他防腐，然后把他放在一个没有空气的坟墓里三十六个小时，看看会发生什么。真的，乌提库斯。”昏迷理论是撒旦的谎言之一。

Evidence That Jesus Really Arose from Death
耶稣真的从死里复活的证据

Joseph of Arimathea “took the body of Jesus, wrapped it in clean linen cloth, and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut out of a rock. He rolled a big stone in front of the entrance to the tomb and went away” (Matthew 27:59-60).
亚利马太的约瑟 "拿着耶稣的身体，用干净的亚麻布包起来，放在他自己的新坟墓里，那坟墓是他在石头上凿出来的。他在坟墓门口滚了一块大石头就走了"（马太福音27：59-60）。

Nicodemus helped Joseph prepare Jesus' body for burial. If they followed Jewish burial customs, they washed Jesus' body with warm water and wrapped his torso with white linen cloth beginning at the feet and moving up to the armpits. Then they stretched his arms straight down his sides and bound them next to his body with several layers of linen, with myrrh between each fold. If Jesus had awakened in the tomb, it would have been humanly impossible for him to unwrap his own burial cloths. But Jesus was divine.
尼哥底母帮助约瑟准备埋葬耶稣的尸体。如果他们遵循犹太人的埋葬习俗，他们用温水洗净耶稣的身体，用白色的亚麻布从脚开始，一直到腋下包裹他的躯体。然后，他们把他的双臂从两侧伸直，用几层亚麻布捆绑在他的身体旁边，每层之间都有没药。如果耶稣在坟墓里醒来，从人的角度来说，他不可能解开自己的葬布。但耶稣是神圣的。

The day after Jesus was buried, the chief priests and the Pharisees went to Pilate and said to him, “Sir, we remember that while he was still alive, that deceiver said, ‘After three days, I will rise again.’ So give the order for the tomb to be made secure until the third day. Otherwise, his disciples may come and steal the body away and tell the people that he has been raised from death. This last deception will be worse than the first” (Matthew 27:62-64). Pilate replied, “Take a guard. Go, make the tomb as secure as you know how.” So they went and placed a seal on the stone and posted a guard.
耶稣被埋葬的第二天，祭司长和法利赛人去见彼拉多，对他说："先生，我们记得他还活着的时候，那个骗子说：'三天之后，我还要复活。所以，请下令把坟墓加固，直到第三天。否则，他的门徒可能会来把尸体偷走，告诉人们他已经从死亡中复活了。这最后的欺骗会比第一次更严重"（马太福音27:62-64）。彼拉多回答说："你带人看守。去吧，用你知道的办法使坟墓安全。于是，他们去在石头上贴了封条，并派人看守。

Early on the first day of the week, when Mary Magdalene and another Mary came to the tomb, there was a violent earthquake, and an angel whose appearance was like lightning came and rolled back the stone. The angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said” (Matthew 28:5-6). As the women hurried away from the tomb to tell the apostles, Jesus suddenly appeared to them and said, “Greetings. Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee. There they will see me” (Matthew 28:8-10).
一大早，当抹大拉的马利亚和另一个马利亚来到坟墓前时，发生了剧烈的地震，一位外表像闪电一样的天使来了，把石头滚了回去。天使对妇女说："不要怕，因为我知道你们在找被钉死的耶稣。他不在这里，他已经复活了，正如他所说的那样"（马太福音28：5-6）。当妇女们匆匆离开坟墓去告诉使徒们时，耶稣突然出现在她们面前，说："你们好。不要害怕。去告诉我的兄弟们，让他们去加利利。在那里他们会见到我"（马太福音28：8-10）。

When the guards saw the angel, they shook with fear and fainted (Matthew 28:4). Later, some of them went into the city and told the chief priests everything that had happened. The chief priests met with the elders and devised a plan. They gave the soldiers a large sum of money and told them to say, “His disciples came during the night and stole him away while we were asleep. If this report gets to the governor, we will satisfy him and keep you from getting into trouble.” The soldiers took the money and did as they were told (Matthew 28:11-15).
当守卫看到天使时，他们吓得发抖，晕倒了（马太福音28：4）。后来，他们中的一些人进了城，把所发生的一切告诉了祭司长。祭司长与长老们开会，制定了一个计划。他们给了士兵一大笔钱，让他们说："他的门徒晚上来了，趁我们睡觉的时候把他偷走了。如果这个报告传到总督那里，我们会满足他的要求，使你不至于陷入困境。" 士兵们拿着钱，照着吩咐做了（马太福音28：11-15）。

Let's think about this report for a moment. When Jesus was arrested in the Garden, his apostles abandoned him and ran away. Later, when Peter was identified as one of Jesus' followers, he was so afraid that he denied with an oath that he knew Jesus. Following Jesus' death, the apostles were so afraid that they hid in a room and locked the doors. Is it reasonable to think that these cowards suddenly became brave enough to break a Roman seal at the risk of death and steal Jesus' corpse while armed soldiers guarded the tomb knowing that falling asleep on duty was a capital offense? The soldiers knew that Jesus had been raised from death, and they told the chief priests the truth, but they were bribed to tell a lie.
让我们思考一下这份报告。当耶稣在花园里被捕时，他的使徒们抛弃了他并逃跑了。后来，当彼得被认出是耶稣的追随者之一时，他非常害怕，发誓否认他认识耶稣。在耶稣死后，使徒们非常害怕，他们躲在一个房间里，锁上了门。这些胆小鬼突然变得勇敢起来，冒着死亡的危险打破了罗马人的封条，并在武装士兵守卫坟墓时偷走了耶稣的尸体，因为他们知道在执勤时睡着是一种死罪，这样的想法合理吗？士兵们知道耶稣已经从死里复活，他们告诉祭司长真相，但他们却被收买了，说了一个谎言。

Verifiable Eyewitnesses of the Resurrected Jesus
可证实的复活耶稣的目击者

When we combine Paul's statement in 1 Corinthians 15:3-8 with other appearances recorded in the New Testament, we learn that Jesus appeared to people at least eleven times following his resurrection. (1) He appeared to Peter (1 Corinthians 15:5). (2) He appeared to Mary Magdalene (Mark 16:9; John 20:10-18). (3) He appeared to two followers on the road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35). (4) He appeared to ten apostles behind locked doors (John 20:19; Luke 24:33-36). (5) He appeared to more than 500 people at one time, some of whom were still alive and could verify that they had seen Jesus following his resurrection (1 Corinthians 1:6). (6) He appeared to James (1 Cor. 15:7). (7) He appeared to the eleven apostles on a mountain in Galilee where he gave the great commission (Matthew 28:16-20). (8) He appeared to the eleven in Jerusalem a week after his resurrection. There, he showed Thomas the nail holes in his hands and the spear-gash in his side (John 20:26-29). (9) He appeared to seven of the apostles while they were fishing on the Sea of Galilee (John 21:1). (10) He appeared to the eleven apostles in Jerusalem and reminded them of their mission (Luke 24:36-51). Afterwards he took them out to the vicinity of Bethany where he repeated the Great Commission and then ascended into heaven (Matthew 28:16-20; Acts 1:7-9). (11) Finally, he appeared to Saul (Paul) on the road to Damascus (Acts 9:1-5; 22:6-10; 26:12-18) and called him to be an apostle.
当我们把保罗在哥林多前书15:3-8中的陈述与新约中记录的其他显现结合起来时，我们了解到耶稣在复活后至少有11次向人们显现。(1) 他向彼得显现（哥林多前书15：5）。(2）他向抹大拉的马利亚显现（马可福音16：9；约翰福音20：10-18）。(3) 他在通往以马忤斯的路上向两个追随者显现（路加福音24：13-35）。(4) 祂在锁着的门后向十个使徒显现（约翰福音20：19；路加福音24：33-36）。(5）他一次向500多人显现，其中一些人仍然活着，可以证实他们在耶稣复活后见过他（哥林多前书1：6）。(6) 他向詹姆斯显现（林前15:7）。(7) 他在加利利的一座山上向十一个使徒显现，在那里他发出了伟大的委托（马太福音28：16-20）。(8) 他复活一周后，在耶路撒冷向十一位使徒显现。在那里，他向多马展示了他手上的钉孔和他身上的枪伤（约翰福音20：26-29）。(9）当七个使徒在加利利海钓鱼时，他向他们显现（约翰福音21：1）。(10）他在耶路撒冷向十一个使徒显现，提醒他们的使命（路加福音24：36-51）。之后，他把他们带到伯大尼附近，在那里他重复了大使命，然后升入天堂（马太福音28：16-20；使徒行传1：7-9）。(11）最后，他在去大马士革的路上向扫罗（保罗）显现（使徒行传9：1-5；22：6-10；26：12-18），呼召他成为使徒。

No One Has Produced a Body
没有人生产过尸体

We know that Jesus rose again because no one has ever been able to produce his body even though the Jews and Romans knew where he was buried. We know the apostles did not steal the body of Jesus because they were never prosecuted. God raised Jesus from death. We are assured that Jesus died on a Roman cross, was buried in Joseph's tomb, and was raised to life, never to die again. The resurrection of Jesus is verified by an overwhelming supply of evidence. That fact gives us blessed assurance.
我们知道耶稣复活了，因为从来没有人能够拿出他的尸体，尽管犹太人和罗马人知道他被埋在哪里。我们知道使徒们没有偷盗耶稣的尸体，因为他们从未被起诉过。上帝使耶稣从死亡中复活。我们确信，耶稣死在罗马的十字架上，被埋在约瑟的坟墓里，然后复活了，再也没有死。耶稣的复活得到了大量证据的验证。这一事实给了我们有福的保证。

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